A Selection of Abstracts about Myofascial Pain and Trigger Points

Diagnostic

Lok UW, Huang C, Zhou C, Yang L, Ling W, Tang S, Gong P, Madson TJ, Jensen MA, Gay RE, Chen S. Quantitative Shear Wave Speed Assessment for Muscles With the Diagnosis of Taut Bands and/or Myofascial Trigger Points Using Probe Oscillation Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Study. J Ultrasound Med. 2022 Apr;41(4):845-854. doi: 10.1002/jum.15764. Epub 2021 Jun 4. PMID: 34085301; PMCID: PMC8642490.

Dibai-Filho AV, Oliveira AK, Oliveira MP, Barros MA, Bevilaqua-Grossi D, Guirro RRJ. Reliability of quantitative sensory testing on myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle of individuals with chronic neck pain. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Jan;68(1):56-60. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210762. PMID: 35239938.

Mazza DF, Boutin RD, Chaudhari AJ. Assessment of Myofascial Trigger Points via Imaging: A Systematic Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Oct 1;100(10):1003-1014. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001789. PMID: 33990485; PMCID: PMC8448923.

Liang XN, Guo RJ, Li S. New application of multimodal ultrasound imaging for identification of myofascial trigger points in the trapezius muscle. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Sep;10(9):9784-9791. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-2103. PMID: 34628904.

Ertekin E, Kasar ZS, Turkdogan FT. Is early diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome possible with the detection of latent trigger points by shear wave elastography? Pol J Radiol. 2021 Jul 12;86:e425-e431. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2021.108537. PMID: 34429789; PMCID: PMC8369817.

Oliveira AK, Dibai-Filho AV, Soleira G, Machado ACF, Guirro RRJ. Reliability of pressure pain threshold on myofascial trigger points in the trapezius muscle of women with chronic neck pain. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2021 Jun;67(5):708-712. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20201149. PMID: 34550260.

Yu S, Su H, Lu J, Zhao F, Jiang F. Combined T2 Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Sensitive Tool to Assess Myofascial Trigger Points in a Rat Model. J Pain Res. 2021 Jun 14;14:1721-1731. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S313966. PMID: 34163230; PMCID: PMC8214538.

Sancar M, Keniş-Coşkun Ö, Gündüz OH, Kumbhare D. "Quantitative Ultrasound Texture Feature Changes with Conservative treatment of the Trapezius Muscle in female patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome". Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Jan 19. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001697. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33480607.

Vadasz B, Gohari J, West DW, Grosman-Rimon L, Wright E, Ozcakar L, Srbely J, Kumbhare D. Improving characterization and diagnosis quality of myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review of the clinical and biomarker overlap with delayed onset muscle soreness. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Aug;56(4):469-478. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.05820-7. Epub 2020 Feb 18. PMID: 32072791.

Da Silva AC, Aily JB, Oliveira AB, Mattiello SM. Interrater and Intrarater Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change of Ultrasound for Active Myofascial Trigger Points in Upper Trapezius Muscle in Individuals With Shoulder Pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2020 Aug 27:S0161-4754(20)30076-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.01.003. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32863059.

Li L, Stoop R, Clijsen R, Hohenauer E, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Huang Q, Barbero M. Criteria Used for the Diagnosis of Myofascial Trigger Points in Clinical Trials on Physical Therapy: Updated Systematic Review. Clin J Pain. 2020 Aug 24. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000875. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32841969.

Fuentes-Márquez P, Valenza MC, Cabrera-Martos I, Ríos-Sánchez A, Ocón-Hernández O. Trigger Points, Pressure Pain Hyperalgesia, and Mechanosensitivity of Neural Tissue in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain. Pain Med. 2019 Jan 1;20(1):5-13. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx206. PMID: 29025041.

Meister MR, Shivakumar N, Sutcliffe S, Spitznagle T, Lowder JL. Physical examination techniques for the assessment of pelvic floor myofascial pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219(5):497

Jafari M, Bahrpeyma F, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Nasiri A. Novel method to measure active myofascial trigger point stiffness using ultrasound imaging. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018; 22(2):374-378

De Groef A, Van Kampen M, Dieltjens E, De Geyter S, Vos L, De Vrieze T, Geraerts I, Devoogdt N. Identification of Myofascial Trigger Points in Breast Cancer Survivors with Upper Limb Pain: Interrater Reliability. Pain Med. 2018; 19(8):1650-1656

Mayoral Del Moral O, Torres Lacomba M, Russell IJ, Sánchez Méndez Ó, Sánchez Sánchez B. Validity and Reliability of Clinical Examination in the Diagnosis of Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Myofascial Trigger Points in Upper Quarter Muscles. Pain Med. 2018; 19(10):2039-2050

Jiménez-Sánchez C, Ortiz-Lucas M, Bravo-Esteban E, Mayoral-Del Moral O, Herrero-Gállego P, Gómez-Soriano J. Myotonometry as a measure to detect myofascial trigger points: an inter-rater reliability study. Physiol Meas 2018; 39(11):115004

Nascimento JDSD, Alburquerque-Sendín F, Vigolvino LP, Oliveira WF, Sousa CO. Inter- and Intraexaminer Reliability in Identifying and Classifying Myofascial Trigger Points in Shoulder Muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Jan;99(1):49-56

Rathbone ATL, Grosman-Rimon L, Kumbhare DA. Interrater Agreement of Manual Palpation for Identification of Myofascial Trigger Points: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin J Pain. 2017; 33(8):715-729

Kumbhare D, Shaw S, Grosman-Rimon L, Noseworthy MD. Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Affecting the Trapezius: A Reliability Study. J Ultrasound Med. 2017; 36(12):2559-2568

Rozenfeld E, Finestone AS, Moran U, Damri E, Kalichman L. Test-retest reliability of myofascial trigger point detection in hip and thigh areas. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017; 21(4):914-919

Kumbhare DA, Elzibak AH, Noseworthy MD. Assessment of Myofascial Trigger Points Using Ultrasound. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jan; 95(1):72-80

Mora-Relucio R, Núñez-Nagy S, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Rus A, Plaza-Manzano G, Romero-Franco N, Ferragut-Garcías A, Pecos-Martín D. Experienced versus Inexperienced Interexaminer Reliability on Location and Classification of Myofascial Trigger Point Palpation to Diagnose Lateral Epicondylalgia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016; 2016:6059719

Gerwin RD. Myofascial Trigger Point Pain Syndromes. Semin Neurol. 2016 Oct; 36(5):469-473

Srbely JZ, Kumbhare D, Grosman-Rimon L. A narrative review of new trends in the diagnosis of myofascial trigger points: diagnostic ultrasound imaging and biomarkers. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2016 Sep; 60(3):220-225

Sanz DR, Lobo CC, López DL, Morales CR, Marín CS, Corbalán IS. Interrater Reliability in the Clinical Evaluation of Myofascial Trigger Points in Three Ankle Muscles. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Nov - Dec; 39(9):623-634

Dibai-Filho AV, Guirro EC, Ferreira VT, Brandino HE, Vaz MM, Guirro RR. Reliability of different methodologies of infrared image analysis of myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015 Mar-Apr;19(2):122-8

Gerwin RD. Diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014; 25(2):341-55

Grieve R, Barnett S, Coghill N, Cramp F. The prevalence of latent myofascial trigger points and diagnostic criteria of the triceps surae and upper trapezius: a cross sectional study. Physiotherapy 2013; 99(4):278-84

Jaeger B. Myofascial trigger point pain. Alpha Omegan. 2013; 106(1-2):14-22

Shankar H, Cummings C. Ultrasound imaging of embedded shrapnel facilitates diagnosis and management of myofascial pain syndrome. Pain Pract 2013; 13:405-8

Thomas K, Shankar H. Targeting myofascial taut bands by ultrasound. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013; 17:349

Shankar H, Reddy S. Two- and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging to facilitate detection and targeting of taut bands in myofascial pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2012; 13(7):971-5

Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012; 16(5):439-44

Haddad DS, Brioschi ML, Arita ES. Thermographic and clinical correlation of myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012; 41(8):621-9

Ballyns JJ, Shah JP, Hammond J, Gebreab T, Gerber LH, Sikdar S. Objective sonographic measures for characterizing myofascial trigger points associated with cervical pain. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30:1331-40

Rha DW, Shin JC, Kim YK et al. Detecting local twitch responses of myofascial trigger points in the lower-back muscles using ultrasonography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 92:1576-1580

Sikdar S, Ortiz R, Gebreab T, Gerber LH, Shah JP. Understanding the vascular environment of myofascial trigger points using ultrasonic imaging and computational modeling. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 1:5302-5

Sikdar S, Shah JP, Gilliams E et al. Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009; 90(11):1829-1838

Chen Q, Basford JR, An KN. Ability of magnetic resonance elastography to assess taut bands. Clinical Biomechanics 2008; 23(5):623-9

Simons DG. New views of myofascial trigger points: etiology and diagnosis.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jan; 89(1):157-9

Myburgh C, Larsen AH, Hartvigsen J. A systematic, critical review of manual palpation for identifying myofascial triggers points: evidence and clinical significance. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008; 89(6):1169-76

Bron C, Franssen J, Wensing M, Oostendorp RA. Inter-rater reliability of palpation of myofascial trigger points in three shoulder muscles. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy 2007; 15(4):203-15

Chen Q, Bensamoun S, Basford JR et al. Identification and quantification of myofascial taut bands with magnetic resonance elastography. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007; 88(12):1658-61

Tough EA, Write AR, Richards SS, Campbell J. Variability of criteria used to diagnose myofascial trigger point pain syndrome: evidence from a review of the literature. Clinical Journal of Pain 2007; 23(3):278-86

Hsieh CY, Hong CZ, Adams AH, Platt KJ, Danielson CD, Hoehler FK, Tobis JS. Interexaminer reliability of the palpation of trigger points in the trunk and lower limb muscles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Mar; 81(3):258-64

Gerwin RD, Shannon S, Hong CZ, Hubbard D, Gevirtz R. Interrater reliability in myofascial trigger point examination. Pain. 1997 Jan; 69(1-2):65-73

Basic Research

Skorupska E, Dybek T, Rychlik M, Jokiel M, Zawadziński J, Dobrakowski P. Amplified Vasodilatation within the Referred Pain Zone of Trigger Points Is Characteristic of Gluteal Syndrome-A Type of Nociplastic Pain Mimicking Sciatica. J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 2;10(21):5146. doi: 10.3390/jcm10215146. PMID: 34768666; PMCID: PMC8584656.

Liu Y, Yang Y, Hu Q, Badughaish A, Zhang H, Qi F, Hou Y. Latent Myofascial Trigger Points Injection Reduced the Severity of Persistent, Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 1;8:731254. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.731254. PMID: 34660639; PMCID: PMC8517181.

Zieliński G, Byś A, Szkutnik J, Majcher P, Ginszt M. Electromyographic Patterns of Masticatory Muscles in Relation to Active Myofascial Trigger Points of the Upper Trapezius and Temporomandibular Disorders. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 24;11(4):580. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040580. PMID: 33805008; PMCID: PMC8063936.

Dommerholt J, Thorp JN, Hooks T, Mayoral O. A critical overview of the current myofascial pain literature - October 2020. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Oct;24(4):468-478. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.001. Epub 2020 Oct 6. PMID: 33218549.

Jin F, Guo Y, Wang Z, Badughaish A, Pan X, Zhang L, Qi F. The pathophysiological nature of sarcomeres in trigger points in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: A preliminary study. Eur J Pain. 2020 Aug 25. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1647. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32841448.

Onik G, Kasprzyk T, Knapik K, Wieczorek K, Sieroń D, Sieroń A, Cholewka A, Sieroń K. Myofascial Trigger Points Therapy Modifies Thermal Map of Gluteal Region. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Feb 20;2020:4328253. doi: 10.1155/2020/4328253. PMID: 32149107; PMCID: PMC7053472.

Cao L, Gao Y, Wu K, Li Y, Chen C, Yuan S. Sympathetic hyperinnervation in myofascial trigger points. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Jun;139:109633. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109633. Epub 2020 Feb 14. PMID: 32087493.

Lu Z, Briley A, Zhou P, Li S. Are There Trigger Points in the Spastic Muscles? Electromyographical Evidence of Dry Needling Effects on Spastic Finger Flexors in Chronic Stroke. Front Neurol. 2020 Feb 21;11:78. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00078. PMID: 32153489; PMCID: PMC7047231.

Kodama K, Takamoto K, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Takamura Y, Sakai S, Ono T, Nishijo H. Analgesic Effects of Compression at Trigger Points Are Associated With Reduction of Frontal Polar Cortical Activity as Well as Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Polar Area and Insula in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Trial. Front Syst Neurosci. 2019 Nov 13;13:68. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00068. Erratum in: Front Syst Neurosci. 2020 Jan 23;13:81. PMID: 31798422; PMCID: PMC6863771.

Li L, Huang Q, Barbero M, Liu L, Nguyen T, Xu A, Ji L. Proteins and Signaling Pathways Response to Dry Needling Combined with Static Stretching Treatment for Chronic Myofascial Pain in a RAT Model: An Explorative Proteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 29;20(3):564. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030564. PMID: 30699921; PMCID: PMC6387358.

Li LH, Huang QM, Barbero M, Liu L, Nguyen TT, Beretta-Piccoli M, Xu AL, Ji LJ. Quantitative proteomics analysis to identify biomarkers of chronic myofascial pain and therapeutic targets of dry needling in a rat model of myofascial trigger points. J Pain Res. 2019 Jan 7;12:283-298. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S185916. PMID: 30662282; PMCID: PMC6327913.

Fischer MJ, Horvath G, Krismer M, Gnaiger E, Goebel G, Pesta DH. Evaluation of mitochondrial function in chronic myofascial trigger points - a prospective cohort pilot study using high-resolution respirometry. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018; 19(1):388

Girasol CE, Dibai-Filho AV, de Oliveira AK, de Jesus Guirro RR. Correlation Between Skin Temperature Over Myofascial Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Range of Motion, Electromyographic Activity, and Pain in Chronic Neck Pain Patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2018; 41(4):350-357

Dibai-Filho AV, Barros MA, de Oliveira AK, de Jesus Guirro RR. Electrical impedance of the torso is associated with the pressure pain threshold on myofascialtrigger points in patients with chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2018; 31(2):275-284

Akamatsu FE, Yendo TM, Rhode C, Itezerote AM, Hojaij F, Andrade M, Hsing WT, Jacomo AL. Anatomical Basis of the Myofascial Trigger Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:4821968

Niddam DM, Lee SH, Su YT, Chan RC. Brain structural changes in patients with chronic myofascial pain. Eur J Pain. 2017; 21(1):148-158

Poveda-Pagán EJ, Lozano-Quijada C, Segura-Heras JV, Peral-Berna M, Lumbreras B. Referred Pain Patterns of the Infraspinatus Muscle Elicited by Deep Dry Needling and Manual Palpation. J Altern Complement Med. 2017; 23(11):890-896

Calvo-Lobo C, Diez-Vega I, Martínez-Pascual B, Fernández-Martínez S, de la Cueva-Reguera M, Garrosa-Martín G, Rodríguez-Sanz D. Tensiomyography, sonoelastography, and mechanosensitivity differences between active, latent, and control low back myofascial trigger points: A cross-sectional study. Medicine 2017; 96(10):e6287

Morikawa Y, Takamoto K, Nishimaru H, Taguchi T, Urakawa S, Sakai S, Ono T, Nishijo H. Compression at Myofascial Trigger Point on Chronic Neck Pain Provides Pain Relief through the Prefrontal Cortex and Autonomic Nervous System: A Pilot Study. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:186

Zhang H, Lü JJ, Huang QM, Liu L, Liu QG, Eric OA. Histopathological nature of myofascial trigger points at different stages of recovery from injury in a rat model. Acupunct Med. 2017; 35(6):445-451

Khan MM, Lustrino D, Silveira WA, Wild F, Straka T, Issop Y, O'Connor E, Cox D, Reischl M, Marquardt T, Labeit D, Labeit S, Benoit E, Molgó J, Lochmüller H, Witzemann V, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LC, Pozzan T, Rudolf R. Sympathetic innervation controls homeostasis of neuromuscular junctions in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jan 19;113(3):746-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524272113. Epub 2016 Jan 5. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jun 19;: PMID: 26733679; PMCID: PMC4725522.

Hannah MC, Cope J, Palermo A, Smith W, Wacker V. Comparison of two angles of approach for trigger point dry needling of the lumbar multifidus in human donors (cadavers). Man Ther. 2016 Dec; 26:160-164

Takla MK, Razek NM, Kattabei O, El-Lythy MA. A comparison between different modes of real-time sonoelastography in visualizing myofascial trigger points in low back muscles. J Man Manip Ther. 2016 Dec; 24(5):253-263

Chen Q, Wang HJ, Gay RE, Thompson JM, Manduca A, An KN, Ehman RE, Basford JR. Quantification of Myofascial Taut Bands. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jan; 97(1):67-73

Bohlooli N, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J, Jaberzadeh S. Differential activation of scapular muscles, during arm elevation, with and without trigger points. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jan; 20(1):26-34

Barbero M, Falla D, Mafodda L, Cescon C, Gatti R. The Location of Peak Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity During Submaximal Contractions is not Associated With the Location of Myofascial Trigger Points: New Insights Revealed by High-density Surface EMG. Clin J Pain. 2016 Dec; 32(12):1044-1052

Webb TR, Rajendran D. Myofascial techniques: What are their effects on joint range of motion and pain? - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jul; 20(3):682-99

Meng F, Ge HY, Wang YH, Yue SW. Myelinated Afferents Are Involved in Pathology of the Spontaneous Electrical Activity and Mechanical Hyperalgesia of Myofascial Trigger Spots in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015:404971

Meng F, Ge HY, Wang YH, Yue SW. A afferent fibers are involved in the
pathology of central changes in the spinal dorsal horn associated with myofascial trigger spots in rats. Exp Brain Res. 2015 Nov; 233(11):3133-43

Yu SH, Kim HJ. Electrophysiological characteristics according to activity
level of myofascial trigger points. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Sep; 27(9):2841-3

Ge HY, Monterde S, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Latent myofascial trigger points are associated with an increased intramuscular electromyographic activity during synergistic muscle activation. J Pain. 2014; 15(2):181-7

Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Dommerholt J. Myofascial trigger points: peripheral or central phenomenon? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2014; 16(1):395

Wall R. Introduction to Myofascial Trigger Points in Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med. 2014; 29(2):43-48

Stecco A, Gesi M, Stecco C, Stern R. Fascial components of the myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013; 17:352

Huang QM, Ye G, Zhao ZY, Lv JJ, Tang L. Myoelectrical activity and muscle morphology in a rat model of myofascial trigger points induced by blunt trauma to the vastus medialis. Acupunct Med. 2013; 31:65-73

Hocking MJ. Exploring the central modulation hypothesis: do ancient memory mechanisms underlie the pathophysiology of trigger points? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013; 17:347

Barbero M, Cescon C, Tettamanti A, Leggero V, Macmillan F, Coutts F, Gatti R. Myofascial trigger points and innervation zone locations in upper trapezius muscles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013; 14:179

Celik D, Kaya Mutlu E. The relationship between latent trigger points and depression levels in healthy subjects. Clin Rheumatol. 2012; 31(6):907-11

Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Madeleine P. Accelerated muscle fatigability of latent myofascial trigger points in humans. Pain Med. 2012; 13(7):957-64

Hsieh YL, Chou LW, Joe YS, Hong CZ. Spinal cord mechanism involving the remote effects of dry needling on the irritability of myofascial trigger spots in rabbit skeletal muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011; 92:1098-105

Hoyle JA, Marras WS, Sheedy JE, Hart DE. Effects of postural and visual stressors on myofascial trigger point development and motor unit rotation during computer work. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011; 21:41-8

Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Latent myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Head Reports. 2011; 15:386-392

Ge HY, Fernández-de-las- Peñas C, Yue SW. Myofascial trigger points: spontaneous electrical activity and its consequences for pain induction and propagation. Chin Med. 2011; 6:13

Xu YM, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Sustained nociceptive mechanical stimulation of latent myofascial trigger point induces central sensitization in healthy subjects. J Pain. 2010; 11:1348-55

Wang YH, Ding X, Zhang Y et al. Ischemic compression block attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia evoked from latent myofascial trigger point. Exp Brain Res. 2010; 202:265-7

Srbely JZ, Dickey JP, Bent LR, Lee D, Lowerison M. Capsaicin-induced central sensitization evokes segmental increases in trigger point sensitivity in humans. J Pain. 2010; 11:636-43

Lucas KR, Rich PA, Polus BI. Muscle activation patterns in the scapular positioning muscles during loaded scapular plane elevation: the effects of latent myofascial trigger points. Clin Biomech. 2010; 25:765-770

Fernandez-Carnero J, Ge HY, Kimura Y, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Arendt- Nielsen L. Increased spontaneous electrical activity at a latent myofascial trigger point after nociceptive stimulation of another latent trigger point. Clin J Pain. 2010; 26:138-143.

Fernández-Lao C, Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Del-Moral-Ávila R, Arendt-Nielsen L, Arroyo-Morales M. Myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder muscles and widespread pressure pain hypersensitivtiy in patients with postmastectomy pain: evidence of peripheral and central sensitization. Clin J Pain. 2010 Nov-Dec; 26(9):798-806

Partanen JV, Ojala TA, Arokoski JP. Myofascial syndrome and pain: A neurophysiological approach. Pathophysiology. 2010; 19–28

Niddam DM. Brain manifestation and modulation of pain from myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009; 13:370-5

Li LT, Ge HY, Yue SW, Arendt-Nielsen L. Nociceptive and non-nociceptive hypersensitivity at latent myofascial trigger points. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2009; 25(2):132-7

Zhang Y, Ge HY, Yue SW et al. Attenuated skin blood flow response to nociceptive stimulation of latent myofascial trigger points. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009; 90(2):325-32

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Arendt-Nielsen L, Ge HY, Pareja JA. Association of cross sectional area of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle with active trigger points in chronic tension type headache: A pilot study. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2008; 87(3):197-203

Chang CW, Chen YR, Chang KF. Evidence of neuroaxonal degeneration in myofascial pain syndrome: a study of neuromuscular jitter by axonal micro- stimulation. European Journal of Pain. 2008; 12:1026-30

Shah JP, Danoff JV, Desai MJ et al. Biochemicals associated with pain and inflammation are elevated in sites near to and remote from active myofascial trigger points. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2008; 89(1):16-23 

Srbely JZ, Dickey JP, Lowerison M et al. Stimulation of myofascial trigger points with ultrasound induces segmental anti-nociceptive effects: a randomized controlled study.  Pain. 2008; 139(2):260-6

Kuan TS, Hong CZ, Chen JT et al. The spinal cord connections of the myofascial trigger spots. European Journal of Pain. 2007; 11(6):624-34

Niddam DM, Chan RC, Lee SH et al. Central modulation of pain evoked from myofascial trigger point. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2007; 23(5):440-448

Srbely JZ, Dickey JP. Randomized controlled study of the anti-nociceptive effect of ultrasound on trigger point sensitivity: novel applications in myofascial therapy? Clinical Rehabilitation. 2007; 21:411-417

Ge HY, Fernández de las Peñas C, Arendt-Nielsen L. Sympathetic facilitation of hyperalgesia evoked from Myofascial tender and trigger points in patients with unilateral shoulder pain. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2006; 117(7):1545-1550

Hwang M, Kang YK, Kim DH. Referred pain pattern of the pronator quadratus muscle. Pain. 2005; 116(3):238-42

Hwang M, Kang YK, Shin JY, Kim DH. Referred pain pattern of the abductor pollicis longus muscle. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2005; 84(8):593-7

Shah JP, Phillips TM, Danoff JV, Gerber LH. An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2005; 99(5):1977-84

Gerwin RD, Dommerholt J, Shah JP. An expansion of Simons' integrated hypothesis of trigger point formation. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004 Dec; 8(6):468-75

McNulty WH, Gevirtz RN, Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM. Needle electromyographic evaluation of trigger point response to a psychological stressor. Psychophysiology. 1994 May; 31(3):313-6

Hoheisel U, Mense S, Simons DG, Yu XM. Appearance of new receptive fields in rat dorsal horn neurons following noxious stimulation of skeletal muscle: a model for referral of muscle pain? Neurosci Lett. 1993 Apr 16; 153(1):9-12

Hubbard DR, Berkoff GM. Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG activity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993 Oct 1; 18(13):1803-7

Manual Methods

Seo BR, Payne CJ, McNamara SL, Freedman BR, Kwee BJ, Nam S, de Lázaro I, Darnell M, Alvarez JT, Dellacherie MO, Vandenburgh HH, Walsh CJ, Mooney DJ. Skeletal muscle regeneration with robotic actuation-mediated clearance of neutrophils. Sci Transl Med. 2021 Oct 6;13(614):eabe8868. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8868. Epub 2021 Oct 6. PMID: 34613813.

López-Royo MP, Pedersini P, Cantero-Téllez R, Valdes K, Doménech-García V, Herrero P, Villafañe JH. Effects of Ischemic Compression on Trigger Points in the First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle in Patients with Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 14;18(6):2961. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062961. PMID: 33799341; PMCID: PMC7999225.

Fahmy EM, Ibrahim AR, Elabd AM. Ischemic Pressure vs Postisometric Relaxation for Treatment of Rhomboid Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Feb;44(2):103-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.005. PMID: 33715788.

Pérez-Bellmunt A, Simon M, López-de-Celis C, Ortiz-Miguel S, González-Rueda V, Fernandez-de-Las-Peñas C. Effects on Neuromuscular Function After Ischemic Compression in Latent Trigger Points in the Gastrocnemius Muscles: A Randomized Within-Participant Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Jan 8:S0161-4754(20)30156-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.015. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33431281.

Dayanır IO, Birinci T, Kaya Mutlu E, Akcetin MA, Akdemir AO. Comparison of Three Manual Therapy Techniques as Trigger Point Therapy for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Apr;26(4):291-299. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0435. Epub 2020 Feb 5. PMID: 32023423.

Esparza D, Aladro-Gonzalvo AR, Rybarczyk Y. Effects of Local Ischemic Compression on Upper Limb Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A Study of Subjective Pain and Linear Motor Performance. Rehabil Res Pract. 2019 Mar 4;2019:5360924. doi: 10.1155/2019/5360924. PMID: 30956821; PMCID: PMC6425406.

Pecos-Martin D, Ponce-Castro MJ, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, Nunez-Nagy S, Calvo-Lobo C, Gallego-Izquierdo T. Immediate effects of variable durations of pressure release technique on latent myofascial trigger points of the levator scapulae: a double-blinded randomised clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2019 Jun;37(3):141-150. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2018-011738. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31060367.

Moraska AF, Schmiege SJ, Mann JD, Butryn N, Krutsch JP. Responsiveness of Myofascial Trigger Points to Single and Multiple Trigger Point Release Massages: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017; 96 (9): 639-645

Jafari M, Bahrpeyma F, Togha M. Effect of ischemic compression for cervicogenic headache and elastic behavior of active triggerpoint in the sternocleidomastoid muscle using ultrasound imaging. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017; 21 (4): 933-939.

Cagnie B, Castelein B, Pollie F, Steelant L, Verhoeyen H, Cools A. Evidence for the Use of Ischemic Compression and Dry Needling in the Management of Trigger Points of the Upper Trapezius in Patients with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Jul;94(7):573-83

Takamoto K, Bito I, Urakawa S, Sakai S, Kigawa M, Ono T, Nishijo H. Effects of compression at myofascial trigger points in patients with acute low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2015 Sep;19(8):1186-96.

Oliveira-Campelo NM, de Melo CA, Alburquerque-Sendín F, Machado JP. Short- and medium-term effects of manual therapy on cervical active range of motion and pressure pain sensitivity in latent myofascial pain of the upper trapezius muscle: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2013; 36: 300-9

Cagnie B, Dewitte V, Coppieters I, Van Oosterwijck J, Cools A, Danneels L. Effect of ischemic compression on trigger points in the neck and shoulder muscles in office workers: a cohort study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2013; 36: 482-9

Kim SA, Oh KY, Choi WH, Kim IK. Ischemic compression after trigger point injection affect the treatment of myofascial trigger points. Ann Rehabil Med 2013; 37: 541-6

Grieve R, Cranston A, Henderson A, John R, Malone G, Mayall C. The immediate effect of triceps surae myofascial trigger point therapy on restricted active ankle joint dorsiflexion in recreational runners: a crossover randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2013; 17: 453-61

González-Iglesias J, Cleland JA, Neto F, Hall T, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Mobilization with movement, thoracic spine manipulation, and dry needling for the management of temporomandibular disorder: a prospective case series. Physiother Theory Pract 2013; 29: 586-95

Grieve R, Clark J, Pearson E, Bullock S, Boyer C, Jarrett A. The immediate effect of soleus trigger point pressure release on restricted ankle joint dorsiflexion: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Bodywork Mov Ther 2011; 15: 42-9

Hains G, Descarreaux M, Lamy AM, Hains F. A randomized controlled (intervention) trial of ischemic compression therapy for chronic carpal tunnel syndrome. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2010; 54: 155-163

Hains G, Descarreaux M, Hains F. Chronic shoulder pain of myofascial origin: a randomized clinical trial using ischemic compression therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2010 Jun;33(5):362-9.

Wang YH, Ding XL, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Yue SW. Ischemic compression block attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia evoked from latent myofascial trigger points. Exp Brain Res. 2009 Dec 25

Aguilera FJ, Martín DP, Masanet RA, Botella AC, Soler LB, Morell FB. Immediate effect of ultrasound and ischemic compression techniques for the treatment of trapezius latent myofascial trigger points in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Sep;32(7):515-20

Takamoto K, Sakai S, Hori E, Urakawa S, Umeno K, Ono T, Nishijo H. Compression on trigger points in the leg muscle increases parasympathetic nervous activity based on heart rate variability. J Physiol Sci. 2009 May;59(3):191-7. Epub 2009 Feb 21

Barriere P, Zink S, Riehm S, Kahn JL, Veillon F, Wilk A. Massage of the lateral pterygoid muscle in acute TMJ dysfunction syndrome. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2009 Apr;110(2):77-80. Epub 2009 Jan 21

Vernon H, Schneider M. Chiropractic management of myofascial trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2009; 32: 14-24

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cleland JA, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Predictor variables for identifying patients with chronic tension type headache who are likely to achieve short-term success with muscle trigger point therapy. Cephalalgia 2008; 28 (3): 264-275.

Ruiz Sáez M, Fernández de las Peñas C, Rodríguez Blanco C, Martínez Segura R, García León R. Changes in pressure pain sensitivity in latent myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle following a cervical spine manipulation in pain-free subjects. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2007; 30 (8): 578-583.

Dry Needling

Fernández Sanchis D, Cuenca Zaldívar JN, Calvo S, Herrero P, Gómez Barrera M. Cost-effectiveness of upper extremity dry needling in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Acupunct Med. 2022 Apr;40(2):160-168. doi: 10.1177/09645284211055750. Epub 2021 Dec 2. PMID: 34856821.

Moosaei Saein A, Safavi-Farokhi Z, Aminianfar A, Mortezanejad M. The Effect of Dry Needling on Pain, Range of Motion of Ankle Joint, and Ultrasonographic Changes of Plantar Fascia in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis. J Sport Rehabil. 2022 Mar 1;31(3):299-304. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0156. Epub 2021 Dec 15. PMID: 34911041.

Brandín-de la Cruz N, Calvo S, Rodríguez-Blanco C, Herrero P, Bravo-Esteban E. Effects of dry needling on gait and muscle tone in Parkinson's disease: a randomized clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2022 Feb;40(1):3-12. doi: 10.1177/09645284211039232. Epub 2021 Sep 19. PMID: 34541889.

Babazadeh-Zavieh SS, Ansari NN, Ghotbi N, Naghdi S, Mansouri K, Khanmohammadi M, Haeri SMJ. Effects of dry needling plus exercise therapy on post-stroke spasticity and motor function: A case report. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Feb;46:101520. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101520. Epub 2021 Dec 2. PMID: 34875580.

Jiménez-Sánchez C, Gómez-Soriano J, Bravo-Esteban E, Mayoral-Del Moral O, Herrero-Gállego P, Ortiz-Lucas M. The effect of dry needling of myofascial trigger points on muscle stiffness and motoneuron excitability in healthy subjects. Acupunct Med. 2022 Feb;40(1):24-33. doi: 10.1177/09645284211027579. Epub 2021 Jul 20. PMID: 34284646.

Muñoz M, Dommerholt J, Pérez-Palomares S, Herrero P, Calvo S. Dry Needling and Antithrombotic Drugs. Pain Res Manag. 2022 Jan 7;2022:1363477. doi: 10.1155/2022/1363477. PMID: 35035647; PMCID: PMC8759918.

Calvo S, Brandín-de la Cruz N, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Bravo-Esteban E, Herrero P. Effects of dry needling on function, hypertonia and quality of life in chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2021 Dec 13:9645284211056347. doi: 10.1177/09645284211056347. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34894776.

Sánchez-Infante J, Bravo-Sánchez A, Jiménez F, Abián-Vicén J. Effects of dry needling on mechanical and contractile properties of the upper trapezius with latent myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Dec;56:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102456. Epub 2021 Sep 3. PMID: 34507046.

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano G, Sanchez-Infante J, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Cleland JA, Arias-Buría JL, Navarro-Santana MJ. The importance of the local twitch response during needling interventions in spinal pain associated with myofascial trigger points: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupunct Med. 2021 Dec 13:9645284211056346. doi: 10.1177/09645284211056346. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34894759.

Braithwaite FA, Walters JL, Moseley GL, Williams MT, McEvoy MP. A collaborative experiential problem-solving approach to develop shams for complex physical interventions: a case study of dry needling. Physiotherapy. 2021 Dec;113:177-187. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.08.004. Epub 2021 Aug 8. PMID: 34563384.

Braithwaite FA, Walters JL, Moseley GL, Williams MT, McEvoy MP. A novel blinding protocol to test participant and therapist blinding during dry needling: a randomised controlled experiment. Physiotherapy. 2021 Dec;113:188-198. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.08.007. Epub 2021 Aug 25. PMID: 34579950.

Murillo C, Treleaven J, Cagnie B, Peral J, Falla D, Lluch E. Effects of dry needling of the obliquus capitis inferior on sensorimotor control and cervical mobility in people with neck pain: A double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2021 Nov-Dec;25(6):826-836. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.07.005. Epub 2021 Sep 5. PMID: 34535409; PMCID: PMC8721073.

Rodríguez-Sanz J, Pérez-Bellmunt A, López-de-Celis C, Hidalgo-García C, Koppenhaver SL, Canet-Vintró M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Accuracy and safety of dry needling placement in the popliteus muscle: A cadaveric study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Nov;75(11):e14669. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14669. Epub 2021 Aug 3. PMID: 34324778.

Zhang Z, Wang W, Song Y, Zhai T, Zhu Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Jin L, Li K, Feng W. Immediate Effect of Dry Needling at Myofascial Trigger Point on Hand Spasticity in Chronic Post-stroke Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Neurol. 2021 Oct 29;12:745618. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.745618. PMID: 34777214; PMCID: PMC8585994.

Yasar MF, Yaksi E, Kurul R, Alisik T, Seker Z. Comparison of dry needling and kinesio taping methods in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome: A single blinded randomised controlled study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Oct;75(10):e14561. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14561. Epub 2021 Jul 12. PMID: 34159691.

Myburgh C, Kildsgaard K, Damsgaard T, Corfixen K, Boyle E. Consistency of Dry-Needling Interventions Across High-Quality Randomized Trials: A Critical Systematic Exploration of Intervention Reporting and Fidelity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Sep;44(7):546-557. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.12.004. PMID: 35282856.

Nowak Z, Chęciński M, Nitecka-Buchta A, Bulanda S, Ilczuk-Rypuła D, Postek-Stefańska L, Baron S. Intramuscular Injections and Dry Needling within Masticatory Muscles in Management of Myofascial Pain. Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 10;18(18):9552. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189552. PMID: 34574476; PMCID: PMC8465617.

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Hidalgo-García C, Donelly JM, Cedeño-Bermúdez SA, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Safety of Dry Needling of the Pronator Teres Muscle in Cadavers: A Potential Treatment for Pronator Syndrome. Pain Med. 2021 Sep 14:pnab274. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab274. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34519825.

Cruz-Montecinos C, Cerda M, Becerra P, Tapia C, Núñez-Cortés R, Latorre-García R, Freitas SR, Cuesta-Vargas A. Qualitative ultrasonography scale of the intensity of local twitch response during dry needling and its association with modified joint range of motion: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Sep 14;22(1):790. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04592-z. PMID: 34521384; PMCID: PMC8442322.

Pérez-Bellmunt A, Casasayas-Cos O, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Ortiz-Miguel S, Meca-Rivera T, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effects of Dry Needling of Latent Trigger Points on Viscoelastic and Muscular Contractile Properties: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Within-Participant Clinical Trial. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 27;10(17):3848. doi: 10.3390/jcm10173848. PMID: 34501299; PMCID: PMC8432234.

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Hidalgo-García C, Donnelly JM, Cedeño-Bermúdez SA, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Is Dry Needling of the Supinator a Safe Procedure? A Potential Treatment for Lateral Epicondylalgia or Radial Tunnel Syndrome. A Cadaveric Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 31;18(17):9162. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179162. PMID: 34501752; PMCID: PMC8430708.

Cuenca Zaldívar JN, Calvo S, Bravo-Esteban E, Oliva Ruiz P, Santi-Cano MJ, Herrero P. Effectiveness of dry needling for upper extremity spasticity, quality of life and function in subacute phase stroke patients. Acupunct Med. 2021 Aug;39(4):299-308. doi: 10.1177/0964528420947426. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32815384.

Brennan K, Elifritz KM, Comire MM, Jupiter DC. Rate and maintenance of improvement of myofascial pain with dry needling alone vs. dry needling with intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized controlled trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2021 Aug;29(4):216-226. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1824469. Epub 2020 Sep 29. PMID: 32990529; PMCID: PMC8366661.

Jiménez-Sánchez C, Gómez-Soriano J, Bravo-Esteban E, Mayoral-Del Moral O, Herrero-Gállego P, Serrano-Muñoz D, Ortiz-Lucas M. Effects of Dry Needling on Biomechanical Properties of the Myofascial Trigger Points Measured by Myotonometry: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Jul-Aug;44(6):467-474. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2021.06.002. Epub 2021 Aug 8. PMID: 34376319.

Ughreja RA, Prem V. Effectiveness of dry needling techniques in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:328-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.015. Epub 2021 Mar 4. PMID: 34391253.

Farazdaghi M, Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Abdollahian N, Rahimi M, Motealleh A. Dry needling trigger points around knee and hip joints improves function in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:597-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.011. Epub 2021 Apr 30. PMID: 34391293.

Llurda-Almuzara L, Labata-Lezaun N, Meca-Rivera T, Navarro-Santana MJ, Cleland JA, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Is Dry Needling Effective for the Management of Plantar Heel Pain or Plantar Fasciitis? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med. 2021 Jul 25;22(7):1630-1641. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab114. PMID: 33760098.

Lázaro-Navas I, Lorenzo-Sánchez-Aguilera C, Pecos-Martín D, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, Navarro-Santana MJ, Fernández-Carnero J, Gallego-Izquierdo T. Immediate Effects of Dry Needling on the Autonomic Nervous System and Mechanical Hyperalgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 3;18(11):6018. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116018. PMID: 34205103; PMCID: PMC8199958.

Lew J, Kim J, Nair P. Comparison of dry needling and trigger point manual therapy in patients with neck and upper back myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Man Manip Ther. 2021 Jun;29(3):136-146. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1822618. Epub 2020 Sep 22. PMID: 32962567; PMCID: PMC8183542.

Clark NG, Hill CJ, Koppenhaver SL, Massie T, Cleland JA. The effects of dry needling to the thoracolumbar junction multifidi on measures of regional and remote flexibility and pain sensitivity: A randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Jun;53:102366. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102366. Epub 2021 Mar 21. PMID: 33831698.

Cushman DM, Cummings K, Skinner L, Holman A, Haight P, Brobeck M, Teramoto M, Tang C. Postrace Dry Needling Does Not Reduce Subsequent Soreness and Cramping-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2021 May 1;31(3):225-231. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000794. PMID: 32058451.

López-Royo MP, Ríos-Díaz J, Galán-Díaz RM, Herrero P, Gómez-Trullén EM. A Comparative Study of Treatment Interventions for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 May;102(5):967-975. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.01.073. Epub 2021 Feb 6. PMID: 33556350.

Ceballos-Laita L, Jiménez-Del-Barrio S, Marín-Zurdo J, Moreno-Calvo A, Marín-Boné J, Albarova-Corral MI, Estébanez-de-Miguel E. Effectiveness of Dry Needling Therapy on Pain, Hip Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 May;102(5):959-966. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.01.077. Epub 2021 Feb 7. PMID: 33567336.

Pourahmadi M, Dommerholt J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Koes BW, Mohseni-Bandpei MA, Mansournia MA, Delavari S, Keshtkar A, Bahramian M. Dry Needling for the Treatment of Tension-Type, Cervicogenic, or Migraine Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2021 May 4;101(5):pzab068. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab068. PMID: 33609358.

Ying J, Xu Y, István B, Ren F. Adjusted Indirect and Mixed Comparisons of Conservative Treatments for Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 6;18(7):3841. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073841. PMID: 33917568; PMCID: PMC8038851.

Benito-de-Pedro M, Calvo-Lobo C, López-López D, Benito-de-Pedro AI, Romero-Morales C, San-Antolín M, Vicente-Campos D, Rodríguez-Sanz D. Electromyographic Assessment of the Efficacy of Deep Dry Needling versus the Ischemic Compression Technique in Gastrocnemius of Medium-Distance Triathletes. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Apr 21;21(9):2906. doi: 10.3390/s21092906. PMID: 33919195; PMCID: PMC8122636.

Geist KT, Frierson EM, Goudiss HL, Kitchen H, Wilkins M, Pruszynski D, Carter VM. Short-term effects of dry needling at a spinal and peripheral site on functional outcome measures, strength, and proprioception among individuals with a lateral ankle sprain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Apr;26:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.021. Epub 2021 Feb 6. PMID: 33992238.

Kheradmandi A, Kamali F, Ebrahimian M, Abbasi L. Comparison between dry needling plus manual therapy with manual therapy alone on pain and function in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesia: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Apr;26:339-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.017. Epub 2020 Nov 24. PMID: 33992267.

Kelly JP, Koppenhaver SL, Michener LA, Kolber MJ, Cleland JA. Immediate decrease of muscle biomechanical stiffness following dry needling in asymptomatic participants. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:605-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.014. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 34391295.

Cushman DM, Scholl LV, Ludlow M, Cunningham S, Teramoto M. Accuracy of rib palpation for dry needling of deep periscapular musculature, measured with ultrasound. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Apr;26:7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.008. Epub 2020 Oct 13. PMID: 33992299.

Sánchez-Infante J, Navarro-Santana MJ, Bravo-Sánchez A, Jiménez-Diaz F, Abián-Vicén J. Is Dry Needling Applied by Physical Therapists Effective for Pain in Musculoskeletal Conditions? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2021 Mar 3;101(3):pzab070. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab070. PMID: 33609356.

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Llurda-Almuzara L, Plaza-Manzano G, De-la-Llave-Rincón AI, Navarro-Santana MJ. Is Dry Needling Effective for the Management of Spasticity, Pain, and Motor Function in Post-Stroke Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med. 2021 Feb 4;22(1):131-141. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa392. PMID: 33338222.

Navarro-Santana MJ, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Cleland JA, Arias-Buría JL, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano G. Effects of Trigger Point Dry Needling for Nontraumatic Shoulder Pain of Musculoskeletal Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2021 Feb 4;101(2):pzaa216. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa216. PMID: 33340405.

Stieven FF, Ferreira GE, de Araújo FX, Angellos RF, Silva MF, da Rosa LHT. Immediate Effects of Dry Needling and Myofascial Release on Local and Widespread Pressure Pain Threshold in Individuals With Active Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Feb;44(2):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.003. Epub 2021 Jan 9. PMID: 33431282.

Fernández-De-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano G, Sanchez-Infante J, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Cleland JA, Arias-Buría JL, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Navarro-Santana MJ. Is Dry Needling Effective When Combined with Other Therapies for Myofascial Trigger Points Associated with Neck Pain Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Res Manag. 2021 Feb 2;2021:8836427. doi: 10.1155/2021/8836427. PMID: 33603940; PMCID: PMC7872772.

López-González L, Falla D, Lázaro-Navas I, Lorenzo-Sánchez-Aguilera C, Rodríguez-Costa I, Pecos-Martín D, Gallego-Izquierdo T. Effects of Dry Needling on Neuromuscular Control of Ankle Stabilizer Muscles and Center of Pressure Displacement in Basketball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 21;18(4):2092. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042092. PMID: 33669979; PMCID: PMC7924825.

Dunning J, Butts R, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Walsh S, Goult C, Gillett B, Arias-Buría JL, Garcia J, Young IA. Spinal Manipulation and Electrical Dry Needling in Patients With Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Feb;51(2):72-81. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2021.9785. Epub 2020 Aug 28. PMID: 32857944.

Uygur E, Aktaş B, Yilmazoglu EG. The use of dry needling vs. corticosteroid injection to treat lateral epicondylitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021 Jan;30(1):134-139. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.08.044. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32950674.

Imani M, Abbasi L, Taghizadeh S, Amiri M. Comparison of the effect of two different types of dry-needling techniques on subacromial impingement syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jan;25:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.018. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33714508.

Dalpiaz A, Kuriki HU, Barbosa RAP, Diefenthaeler F, Marcolino AM, Barbosa RI. Dry Needling and Photobiomodulation Decreases Myofascial Pain in Trapezius of Women: Randomized Blind Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2021 Jan;44(1):61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Nov 26. PMID: 33248747.

Martínez-Jiménez EM, Losa-Iglesias ME, Antolín-Gil MS, López-López D, Romero-Morales C, Benito-de-Pedro M, Calvo-Lobo C, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R. Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Dry Needling Changes Surface and Plantar Pressures: A Pre-Post Study. Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;11(1):48. doi: 10.3390/life11010048. PMID: 33451013; PMCID: PMC7830844.

Chen J, Li W, Huang Y, Zhang L, Gan X, Zhang R, He Y, Lu M, Li X, Xu J, Miao L, Liu X. Needling on trigger point promotes muscle regeneration after bupivacaine injection induced injury. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Nov 20;739:135436. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135436. Epub 2020 Oct 22. PMID: 33132179.

Bağcıer F, Tufanoğlu FH. A new treatment modality in piriformis syndrome: Ultrasound guided dry needling treatment. Agri. 2020 Aug;32(3):175-176. English. doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.92170. PMID: 32789832.

Matsel K, Davies C, Uhl T. The Long-Term Effectiveness of Trigger Point Dry Needling and Exercise for Individuals With Shoulder Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil. 2020 Sep 1:1-6. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0525. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32871549.

Kharazmi AS, Okhovatian F, Baghban AA, Mosallanezhad Z, Kojidi MM, Azimi H. Effects of dry needling on symptomatic hallux valgus: A randomized single blind clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Jul;24(3):246-251. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.02.016. Epub 2020 Feb 24. PMID: 32825996.

Ma YT, Li LH, Han Q, Wang XL, Jia PY, Huang QM, Zheng YJ. Effects of Trigger Point Dry Needling on Neuromuscular Performance and Pain of Individuals Affected by Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res. 2020 Jul 7;13:1677-1686. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S240376. PMID: 32753943; PMCID: PMC7354013.

Rahou-El-Bachiri Y, Navarro-Santana MJ, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Cleland JA, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Ortega-Santiago R, Plaza-Manzano G. Effects of Trigger Point Dry Needling for the Management of Knee Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 29;9(7):2044. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072044. PMID: 32610659; PMCID: PMC7409136.

Navarro-Santana MJ, Sanchez-Infante J, Gómez-Chiguano GF, Cleland JA, López-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano G. Effects of trigger point dry needling on lateral epicondylalgia of musculoskeletal origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2020 Jun 23:269215520937468. doi: 10.1177/0269215520937468. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32576044.

Rezaeian T, Mosallanezhad Z, Nourbakhsh MR, Norouzi M, Sajedi F. Effects of dry needling technique into trigger points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in migraine headache: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Jun 15. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001504. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32544109.

Ceballos-Laita L, Jiménez-Del-Barrio S, Marín-Zurdo J, Moreno-Calvo A, Marín-Boné J, Albarova-Corral MI, Estébanez-de-Miguel E. Effects of dry needling on pain, pressure pain threshold and psychological distress in patients with mild to moderate hip osteoarthritis: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Jun;51:102443. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102443. Epub 2020 May 18. PMID: 32507443.

Hernández-Ortíz AR, Ponce-Luceño R, Sáez-Sánchez C, García-Sánchez O, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, de-la-Llave-Rincón AI. Changes in Muscle Tone, Function, and Pain in the Chronic Hemiparetic Shoulder after Dry Needling Within or Outside Trigger Points in Stroke Patients: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Med. 2020 Jun 3:pnaa132. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa132. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32488238.

Funk MF, Frisina-Deyo AJ. Dry needling for spine related disorders: a scoping review. Chiropr Man Therap. 2020 May 11;28(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12998-020-00310-z. PMID: 32393383; PMCID: PMC7212610.

Valiente-Castrillo P, Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Calvo-Lobo C, Beltran-Alacreu H, Fernández-Carnero J. Effects of pain neuroscience education and dry needling for the management of patients with chronic myofascial neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2020 May 5:964528420920300. doi: 10.1177/0964528420920300. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32370545.

Bagcier F, Yilmaz N. The Impact of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Dry Needling Combination on Pain and Functionality in the Patients Diagnosed with Plantar Fasciitis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2020 Jul-Aug;59(4):689-693. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2019.09.038. Epub 2020 Apr 25. PMID: 32340838.

Behrangrad S, Abbaszadeh-Amirdehi M, Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Esmaeilnejadganji SM. Comparison of dry needling and ischaemic compression techniques on pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2020 Apr 27:964528420912253. doi: 10.1177/0964528420912253. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32338532.

Ghannadi S, Shariat A, Ansari NN, Tavakol Z, Honarpishe R, Dommerholt J, Noormohammadpour P, Ingle L. The Effect of Dry Needling on Lower Limb Dysfunction in Poststroke Survivors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Jun;29(6):104814. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104814. Epub 2020 Apr 21. PMID: 32327366.

Loizidis T, Nikodelis T, Bakas E, Kollias I. The effects of dry needling on pain relief and functional balance in patients with sub-chronic low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020 Apr 7. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181265. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32310156.

Stieven FF, Ferreira GE, Wiebusch M, de Araújo FX, da Rosa LHT, Silva MF. Dry Needling Combined With Guideline-Based Physical Therapy Provides No Added Benefit in the Management of Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Aug;50(8):447-454. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9389. Epub 2020 Apr 9. PMID: 32272030.

Rozenfeld E, Sapoznikov Sebakhutu E, Krieger Y, Kalichman L. Dry needling for scar treatment. Acupunct Med. 2020 Mar 30:964528420912255. doi: 10.1177/0964528420912255. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32228036.

Arias-Buría JL, Monroy-Acevedo Á, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Gallego-Sendarrubias GM, Ortega-Santiago R, Plaza-Manzano G. Effects of dry needling of active trigger points in the scalene muscles in individuals with mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2020 Mar 30:964528420912254. doi: 10.1177/0964528420912254. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32228029.

Benito-de-Pedro M, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Elena Losa-Iglesias M, Rodríguez-Sanz D, López-López D, Palomo-López P, Mazoteras-Pardo V, Calvo-Lobo AC. Effectiveness of Deep Dry Needling vs Ischemic Compression in the Latent Myofascial Trigger Points of the Shortened Triceps Surae from Triathletes on Ankle Dorsiflexion, Dynamic, and Static Plantar Pressure Distribution: A Clinical Trial. Pain Med. 2020 Feb 1;21(2):e172-e181. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz222. PMID: 31502640.

Zarei H, Bervis S, Piroozi S, Motealleh A. Added Value of Gluteus Medius and Quadratus Lumborum Dry Needling in Improving Knee Pain and Function in Female Athletes With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Feb;101(2):265-274. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.07.009. Epub 2019 Aug 26. PMID: 31465756.

Gattie E, Cleland JA, Snodgrass S. A survey of American physical therapists' current practice of dry needling: Practice patterns and adverse events. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020 Sep 5;50:102255. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102255. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32932050.

Taşkesen F, Cezairli B. The effectiveness of the masseteric nerve block compared with trigger point injections and dry needling in myofascial pain [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 16]. Cranio. 2020;1-6. doi:10.1080/08869634.2020.1820686

Gallego-Sendarrubias GM, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Calvo-Lobo C, Martín JL. Efficacy of dry needling as an adjunct to manual therapy for patients with chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomised clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2020 Aug;38(4):244-254. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2018-011682. Epub 2020 Mar 23. PMID: 32202124.

Dommerholt J. How have the views on myofascial pain and its treatment evolved in the past 20 years? From spray and stretch and injections to pain science, dry needling and fascial treatments. Pain Manag. 2020 Mar;10(2):63-66. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2019-0055. Epub 2020 Mar 3. PMID: 32122252.

Boyce D, Wempe H, Campbell C, Fuehne S, Zylstra E, Smith G, Wingard C, Jones R. ADVERSE EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THERAPEUTIC DRY NEEDLING. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Feb;15(1):103-113. PMID: 32089962; PMCID: PMC7015026.

Halle R, Crowell M, Goss D. DRY NEEDLING AND PHYSICAL THERAPY VERSUS PHYSICAL THERAPY ALONE FOLLOWING SHOULDER STABILIZATION REPAIR: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Feb;15(1):81-102. PMID: 32089961; PMCID: PMC7015024.

Koszalinski A, Flynn T, Hellman M, Cleland JA. Trigger point dry needling, manual therapy and exercise versus manual therapy and exercise for the management of Achilles tendinopathy: a feasibility study. J Man Manip Ther. 2020 Sep;28(4):212-221. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1719299. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 32048918.

Wang-Price S, Zafereo J, Couch Z, Brizzolara K, Heins T, Smith L. Short-term effects of two deep dry needling techniques on pressure pain thresholds and electromyographic amplitude of the lumbosacral multifidus in patients with low back pain - a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2020 Jan 17:1-12. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1714165. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31960773.

Vázquez-Justes D, Yarzábal-Rodríguez R, Doménech-García V, Herrero P, Bellosta-López P. Effectiveness of dry needling for headache: A systematic review. Neurologia. 2020 Jan 13:S0213-4853(19)30144-6. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.09.010. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31948718.

Stoychev V, Finestone AS, Kalichman L. Dry Needling as a Treatment Modality for Tendinopathy: a Narrative Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Feb;13(1):133-140. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09608-0. PMID: 31942676; PMCID: PMC7083985.

Baraja-Vegas L, Martín-Rodríguez S, Piqueras-Sanchiz F, Martín-Ruiz J, Yeste Fabregat M, Florencio LL, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Electromyographic Activity Evolution of Local Twitch Responses During Dry Needling of Latent Trigger Points in the Gastrocnemius Muscle: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Med. 2020 Jun 1;21(6):1224-1229. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz182. PMID: 31361323.

Sánchez Romero EA, Fernández-Carnero J, Calvo-Lobo C, Ochoa Sáez V, Burgos Caballero V, Pecos-Martín D. Is a Combination of Exercise and Dry Needling Effective for Knee OA? Pain Med. 2020 Feb 1;21(2):349-363. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz036. PMID: 30889250.

Özden MC PhD, Atalay B DDS, MSc, PhD, Özden AV DDS, PhD, Çankaya A DDS, PhD, Kolay E PhD, Yıldırım S DDS, PhD. Efficacy of dry needling in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders related to the masseter muscle. Cranio. 2020 Sep;38(5):305-311. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1526848. Epub 2018 Oct 9. PMID: 30296920.

McDevitt AW, Snodgrass SJ, Cleland JA, Leibold MBR, Krause LA, Mintken PE. Treatment of individuals with chronic bicipital tendinopathy using dry needling, eccentric-concentric exercise and stretching; a case series. Physiother Theory Pract. 2020 Mar;36(3):397-407. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1488023. Epub 2018 Jun 22. PMID: 29932797.

Mansfield CJ, Harr M, Briggs M, Onate J, Boucher LC. Safety of dry needling to the upper lumbar spine: a pilot cadaver study. J Man Manip Ther. 2020 May;28(2):111-118. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1708593. Epub 2019 Dec 25. PMID: 31875462; PMCID: PMC7170390.

Togha M, Bahrpeyma F, Jafari M, Nasiri A. A sonographic comparison of the effect of dry needling and ischemic compression on the active trigger point of the sternocleidomastoid muscle associated with cervicogenic headache: A randomized trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019 Nov 21. doi: 10.3233/BMR-171077. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31815684.

Aksu Ö, Pekin Doğan Y, Sayıner Çağlar N, Şener BM. Comparison of the efficacy of dry needling and trigger point injections with exercise in temporomandibular myofascial pain treatment. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Aug 20;65(3):228-235. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2019.1802. PMID: 31663071; PMCID: PMC6797918.

Benito-de-Pedro M, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Rodríguez-Sanz D, López-López D, Cosín-Matamoros J, Martínez-Jiménez EM, Calvo-Lobo C. Effectiveness between Dry Needling and Ischemic Compression in the Triceps Surae Latent Myofascial Trigger Points of Triathletes on Pressure Pain Threshold and Thermography: A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med. 2019 Oct 5;8(10):1632. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101632. PMID: 31590390; PMCID: PMC6832626.

Charles D, Hudgins T, MacNaughton J, Newman E, Tan J, Wigger M. A systematic review of manual therapy techniques, dry cupping and dry needling in the reduction of myofascial pain and myofascial trigger points. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019 Jul;23(3):539-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 4. PMID: 31563367.

Morgan BC, Deyle GD, Petersen EJ, Allen CS, Koppenhaver SL. DRY NEEDLING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS MEETING CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SUBACROMIAL PAIN SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Jul;14(4):637-654. PMID: 31440414; PMCID: PMC6670052.

Tabatabaiee A, Takamjani IE, Sarrafzadeh J, Salehi R, Ahmadi M. Ultrasound-guided dry needling decreases pain in patients with piriformis syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2019 Nov;60(5):558-565. doi: 10.1002/mus.26671. Epub 2019 Aug 27. PMID: 31415092.

Braithwaite FA, Walters JL, Li LSK, Moseley GL, Williams MT, McEvoy MP. Blinding Strategies in Dry Needling Trials: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2019 Nov 25;99(11):1461-1480. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz111. PMID: 31373369.

Ceballos-Laita L, Jiménez-Del-Barrio S, Marín-Zurdo J, Moreno-Calvo A, Marín-Boné J, Albarova-Corral MI, Estébanez-de-Miguel E. Effects of dry needling in HIP muscles in patients with HIP osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019 Oct;43:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.07.006. Epub 2019 Jul 24. PMID: 31352178.

Luan S, Zhu ZM, Ruan JL, Lin CN, Ke SJ, Xin WJ, Liu CC, Wu SL, Ma C. Randomized Trial on Comparison of the Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Dry Needling in Myofascial Trigger Points. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Aug;98(8):677-684. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001173. PMID: 31318748.

Sillevis R, Van Duijn J, Shamus E, Hard M. Time effect for in-situ dry needling on the autonomic nervous system, a pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019 Jul 17:1-9. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1644691. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 31313606.

Kütük SG, Özkan Y, Kütük M, Özdaş T. Comparison of the Efficacies of Dry Needling and Botox Methods in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome Affecting the Temporomandibular Joint. J Craniofac Surg. 2019 Jul;30(5):1556-1559. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005473. PMID: 31299766.

Ferrer-Peña R, Calvo-Lobo C, Gómez M, Muñoz-García D. Prediction Model for Choosing Needle Length to Minimize Risk of Median Nerve Puncture With Dry Needling of the Pronator Teres. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2019 Jun;42(5):366-371. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.11.020. Epub 2019 Jun 29. PMID: 31262581.

Ziaeifar M, Arab AM, Mosallanezhad Z, Nourbakhsh MR. Dry needling versus trigger point compression of the upper trapezius: a randomized clinical trial with two-week and three-month follow-up. J Man Manip Ther. 2019 Jul;27(3):152-161. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2018.1530421. Epub 2018 Oct 15. PMID: 30935341; PMCID: PMC6598483.

Kearns G, Fernández-De-Las-Peñas C, Brismée JM, Gan J, Doidge J. New perspectives on dry needling following a medical model: are we screening our patients sufficiently? J Man Manip Ther. 2019 Jul;27(3):172-179. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1567011. Epub 2019 Jan 19. PMID: 30935332; PMCID: PMC6598537.

Griswold D, Gargano F, Learman KE. A randomized clinical trial comparing non-thrust manipulation with segmental and distal dry needling on pain, disability, and rate of recovery for patients with non-specific low back pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2019 Jul;27(3):141-151. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1574389. Epub 2019 Feb 9. PMID: 30935327; PMCID: PMC6598540.

Ball AM, Finnegan M, Koppenhaver S, Freres W, Dommerholt J, Mayoral Del Moral O, Bron C, Moore R, Ball EE, Gaffney EE. The relative risk to the femoral nerve as a function of patient positioning: potential implications for trigger point dry needling of the iliacus muscle. J Man Manip Ther. 2019 Jul;27(3):162-171. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1568699. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30935326; PMCID: PMC6598541.

Griswold D, Wilhelm M, Donaldson M, Learman K, Cleland J. The effectiveness of superficial versus deep dry needling or acupuncture for reducing pain and disability in individuals with spine-related painful conditions: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Man Manip Ther. 2019 Jul;27(3):128-140. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1589030. Epub 2019 Mar 19. PMID: 30935320; PMCID: PMC6598484.

Tesch RS, Macedo LCDSP, Fernandes FS, Goffredo Filho GS, Goes CPQF. Effectiveness of dry needling on the local pressure pain threshold in patients with masticatory myofascial pain. Systematic review and preliminary clinical trial. Cranio. 2019 Mar 27:1-9. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1588518. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 30916621.

Uygur E, Aktaş B, Eceviz E, Yilmazoğlu EG, Poyanli O. Preliminary Report on the Role of Dry Needling Versus Corticosteroid Injection, an Effective Treatment Method for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2019 Mar;58(2):301-305. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.08.058. PMID: 30850099.

Vas L, Pai R. Ultrasound-Guided Dry Needling As a Treatment For Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome - A Case Series of Twenty Patients. Indian J Palliat Care. 2019 Jan-Mar;25(1):93-102. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_24_18. PMID: 30820110; PMCID: PMC6388608.

Gildir S, Tüzün EH, Eroğlu G, Eker L. A randomized trial of trigger point dry needling versus sham needling for chronic tension-type headache. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Feb;98(8):e14520. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014520. PMID: 30813155; PMCID: PMC6408118.

Baraja-Vegas L, Martín-Rodríguez S, Piqueras-Sanchiz F, Faundez-Aguilera J, Bautista IJ, Barrios C, Garcia-Escudero M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Localization of Muscle Edema and Changes on Muscle Contractility After Dry Needling of Latent Trigger Points in the Gastrocnemius Muscle. Pain Med. 2019 Jul 1;20(7):1387-1394. doi: 10.1093/pm/pny306. Erratum in: Pain Med. 2020 Apr 1;21(4):880. PMID: 30715456.

Rajkannan P, Vijayaraghavan R. Dry needling in chronic abdominal wall pain of uncertain origin. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019 Jan;23(1):94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID: 30691770.

Walsh R, Kinsella S, McEvoy J. The effects of dry needling and radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on latent trigger point sensitivity in the quadriceps: A randomised control pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019 Jan;23(1):82-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.02.010. Epub 2018 Feb 11. PMID: 30691767.

Al-Boloushi Z, Gómez-Trullén EM, Bellosta-López P, López-Royo MP, Fernández D, Herrero P. Comparing two dry needling interventions for plantar heel pain: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019 Jan 25;14(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1066-4. PMID: 30683124; PMCID: PMC6347763.

Patel N, Patel M, Poustinchian B. Dry Needling-Induced Pneumothorax. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019 Jan 1;119(1):59-62. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.009. PMID: 30615043.

Yargic MP, Kurklu GB. Reflex anoxic seizures (RAS) during dry needling. Hippokratia. 2019 Jan-Mar;23(1):45-46. PMID: 32256040; PMCID: PMC7124879.

Tabatabaiee A, Ebrahimi-Takamjani I, Ahmadi A, Sarrafzadeh J, Emrani A. Comparison of pressure release, phonophoresis and dry needling in treatment of latent myofascial trigger point of upper trapezius muscle. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019;32(4):587-594. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181302. PMID: 30584120.

McDowell JM, Kohut SH, Betts D. Safe acupuncture and dry needling during pregnancy: New Zealand physiotherapists' opinion and practice. J Integr Med. 2019 Jan;17(1):30-37. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.11.006. Epub 2018 Nov 28. PMID: 30528519.

Ansari NN, Alaei P, Naghdi S, Fakhari Z, Komesh S, Dommerholt J. Immediate Effects of Dry Needling as a Novel Strategy for Hamstring Flexibility: A Single-Blinded Clinical Pilot Study. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 May 23:1-6. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0013. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 30526283.

Ronel D, Gabbay O, Esterson A, Brand R, Vulfsons S. Response to the Letter by Weisman et al on: Twenty Thousand Needles Under the Sea: Trigger Point Dry Needling Aboard an Israeli Navy Submarine. A Case Report. Mil Med. 2019 Jan 1;184(1-2):23. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy238. PMID: 30517683.

Hando BR, Rhon DI, Cleland JA, Snodgrass SJ. Dry needling in addition to standard physical therapy treatment for sub-acromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Braz J Phys Ther. 2019 Jul-Aug;23(4):355-363. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Nov 6. PMID: 30455091; PMCID: PMC6630109.

Abate M, Di Carlo L, Salini V. Platelet rich plasma compared to dry needling in the treatment of non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Phys Sportsmed. 2019 May;47(2):232-237. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1548886. Epub 2018 Nov 21. PMID: 30427252.

Cruz-Montecinos C, Núñez-Cortés R, Bruna-Melo T, Tapia C, Becerra P, Pavez N, Pérez-Alenda S. Dry needling technique decreases spasticity and improves general functioning in incomplete spinal cord injury: A case report. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020 May;43(3):414-418. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1533316. Epub 2018 Oct 22. PMID: 30346254; PMCID: PMC7241526.

Mitchell UH, Johnson AW, Larson RE, Seamons CT. Positional changes in distance to the pleura and in muscle thickness for dry needling. Physiotherapy. 2019 Sep;105(3):362-369. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.08.002. Epub 2018 Aug 18. PMID: 30343872.

Berrigan WA, Whitehair CL, Zorowitz RD. Acute Spinal Epidural Hematoma as a Complication of Dry Needling: A Case Report. PM R. 2019 Mar;11(3):313-316. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.07.009. Epub 2019 Feb 22. PMID: 30036680.

Aydin T, Dernek B, Sentürk Ege T, Karan A, Aksoy C. The Effectiveness of Dry Needling and Exercise Therapy in Patients with Dizziness Caused By Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome; Prospective Randomized Clinical Study. Pain Med. 2019 Jan 1;20(1):153-160. doi: 10.1093/pm/pny072. PMID: 29718418.

Castro Sánchez AM, García López H, Fernández Sánchez M, Pérez Mármol JM, Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME, Luque Suárez A, Matarán Peñarrocha GA. Improvement in clinical outcomes after dry needling versus myofascial release on pain pressure thresholds, quality of life, fatigue, pain intensity, quality of sleep, anxiety, and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Sep;41(19):2235-2246. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1461259. Epub 2018 Apr 23. PMID: 29681188.

Kamali F, Sinaei E, Morovati M. Comparison of Upper Trapezius and Infraspinatus Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy by Dry Needling in Overhead Athletes With Unilateral Shoulder Impingement Syndrome. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Mar 1;28(3):243-249. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0207. Epub 2018 Nov 30. PMID: 29364040.

Sánchez-Mila Z, Salom-Moreno J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effects of dry needling on post-stroke spasticity, motor function and stability limits: a randomised clinical trial. Acupunct Med. 2018; 36(6):358-366

Hu HT, Gao H, Ma RJ, Zhao XF, Tian HF, Li L. Is dry needling effective for low back pain?: A systematic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(26): e11225

Dunning J, Butts R, Young I, Mourad F, Galante V, Bliton P, Tanner M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Periosteal Electrical Dry Needling as an Adjunct to Exercise and Manual Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin J Pain. 2018; 34(12):1149-1158

Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Fernández-Carnero J, León-Hernández JV, Calvo-Lobo C, Beltran-Alacreu H, Alguacil-Diego I, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Pecos-Martin D. Postneedling Soreness and Tenderness After Different Dosages of Dry Needling of an Active Myofascial Trigger Point in Patients With Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PM R. 2018; 10(12):1311-1320

Hadi S, Khadijeh O, Hadian M, Niloofar AY, Olyaei G, Hossein B, Calvo S, Herrero P. The effect of dry needling on spasticity, gait and muscle architecture in patients with chronic stroke: A case series study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2018; 25(5):326-332

Arias-Buría JL, Martín-Saborido C, Cleland J, Koppenhaver SL, Plaza-Manzano G, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Cost-effectiveness Evaluation of the Inclusion of Dry Needling into an Exercise Program for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Med. 2018; 19(12):2336-2347

McManus R, Cleary M. Radial nerve injury following dry needling. BMJ Case Rep. 2018; 2018 bcr-2017-221302

Yaghoubi Z, Pardehshenas H, Takamjani IE. The effect of upper trapezius muscle dry needling treatment on sleep quality: A case report. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018; 22(2):333-336

Tang L, Li Y, Huang QM, Yang Y. Dry needling at myofascial trigger points mitigates chronic post-stroke shoulder spasticity. Neural Regen Res. 2018; 13(4):673-676

Gaubeca-Gilarranz A, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Medina-Torres JR, Seoane-Ruiz JM, Company-Palonés A, Cleland JA, Arias-Buría JL. Effectiveness of dry needling of rectus abdominis trigger points for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea: a randomised parallel-group trial. Acupunct Med. 2018; 36(5):302-310

Hall ML, Mackie AC, Ribeiro DC. Effects of dry needling trigger point therapy in the shoulder region on patients with upper extremity pain and dysfunction: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2018; 104(2):167-177

Poveda-Pagán EJ, Hernández-Sánchez S, Rhys-Jones-López L, Palazón-Bru A, Lozano-Quijada C. Scanning electron microscopy examination of needle tips after different procedures of deep dry needling in humans. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):17966

Dunning J, Butts R, Henry N, Mourad F, Brannon A, Rodriguez H, Young I, Arias-Buría JL, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Electrical dry needling as an adjunct to exercise, manual therapy and ultrasound for plantar fasciitis: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2018; 13(10):e0205405

Braithwaite FA, Walters JL, Li LSK, Moseley GL, Williams MT, McEvoy MP. Effectiveness and adequacy of blinding in the moderation of pain outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analyses of dry needling trials. PeerJ. 2018; 6:e5318

Mitchell UH, Stoneman P, Larson RE, Page GL. The Construction of Sham Dry Needles and Their Validity. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018; 2018: 9567061

Cerezo-Téllez E, Torres-Lacomba M, Mayoral-Del-Moral O, Pacheco-da-Costa S, Prieto-Merino D, Sánchez-Sánchez B. Health related quality of life improvement in chronic non-specific neck pain: secondary analysis from a single blinded, randomized clinical trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018; 16(1):207

Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Mayoral Del Moral O, Gerwin RD, Fernández-Carnero J. Post-needling soreness after myofascial trigger point dry needling: Current status and future research. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018; 22(4):941-946

Fusco P, Di Carlo S, Scimia P, Degan G, Petrucci E, Marinangeli F. Ultrasound-guided Dry Needling Treatment of Myofascial Trigger Points for Piriformis Syndrome Management: A Case Series. J Chiropr Med. 2018; 17(3):198-200

Raeissadat SA, Rayegani SM, Sadeghi F, Rahimi-Dehgolan S. Comparison of ozone and lidocaine injection efficacy vs dry needling in myofascial pain syndrome patients. J Pain Res. 2018; 11:1273-1279

Sánchez-Romero EA, Pecos-Martín D, Calvo-Lobo C, Ochoa-Sáez V, Burgos-Caballero V, Fernández-Carnero J. Effects of dry needling in an exercise program for older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot clinical trial. Medicine. 2018; 97(26):e11255

Lopez-Martos R, Gonzalez-Perez LM, Ruiz-Canela-Mendez P, Urresti-Lopez FJ, Gutierrez-Perez JL, Infante-Cossio P. Randomized, double-blind study comparing percutaneous electrolysis and dry needling for the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018; 23(4):e454-e462

Anandkumar S. Effect of dry needling on myofascial pain syndrome of the quadratus femoris: A case report. Physiother Theory Pract. 2018; 34(2):157-164

Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG, Thitham N, Li LH, Ma YT, Zhao JM. Evidence for Dry Needling in the Management of Myofascial Trigger Points Associated With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Jan; 99(1):144-152

Fernández-Carnero J, Gilarranz-de-Frutos L, León-Hernández JV, Pecos-Martin D, Alguacil-Diego I, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A. Effectiveness of Different Deep Dry Needling Dosages in the Treatment of Patients With Cervical Myofascial Pain: A Pilot RCT. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017; 96(10):726-733

Velázquez-Saornil J, Ruíz-Ruíz B, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Romero-Morales C, López-López D, Calvo-Lobo C. Efficacy of quadriceps vastus medialis dry needling in a rehabilitation protocol after surgical reconstruction of complete anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Medicine. 2017; 96(17):e6726

Anandkumar S M Sc Pt Bpt C-Ompt Cafs Cert Dnt, Manivasagam M Bpt Dyt Comt Fsr Dnp Ces. Effect of fascia dry needling on non-specific thoracic pain - A proposed dry needling grading system. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017; 33(5):420-428

He C, Ma H. Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain: a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials. J Pain Res. 2017; 10:1933-1942

Bandy WD, Nelson R, Beamer L. Comparison of dry needling versus sahm on the performance of vertical jump. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017; 12(5):747-751

De Meulemeester KE, Castelein B, Coppieters I, Barbe T, Cools A, Cagnie B. Comparing Trigger Point Dry Needling and Manual Pressure Technique for the Management of Myofascial Neck/Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2017; 40(1):11-20

Ratmansky M, Minerbi A, Kalichman L, Kent J, Wende O, Finestone AS, Vulfsons S. Position Statement of the Israeli Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine on Intramuscular Stimulation for Myofascial Pain Syndrome-A Delphi Process. Pain Pract. 2017; 17(4):438-446

Haser C, Stöggl T, Kriner M, Mikoleit J, Wolfahrt B, Scherr J, Halle M, Pfab F. Effect of Dry Needling on Thigh Muscle Strength and Hip Flexion in Elite Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017; 49(2):378-383

Gerber LH, Sikdar S, Aredo JV, Armstrong K, Rosenberger WF, Shao H, Shah JP. Beneficial Effects of Dry Needling for Treatment of Chronic Myofascial Pain Persist for 6 Weeks After Treatment Completion. PM R. 2017; 9(2):105-112

Puentedura EJ, Buckingham SJ, Morton D, Montoya C, Fernandez de Las Penas C. Immediate Changes in Resting and Contracted Thickness of Transversus Abdominis After Dry Needling of Lumbar Multifidus in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2017 Oct; 40(8):615-623

Perreault T, Dunning J, Butts R. The local twitch response during trigger point dry needling: Is it necessary for successful outcomes? J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017; 21(4):940-947

Tüzün EH, Gıldır S, Angın E, Tecer BH, Dana KÖ, Malkoç M. Effectiveness of dry needling versus a classical physiotherapy program in patients with chronic low-back pain: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017; 29(9):1502-1509

Uygur E, Aktaş B, Özkut A, Erinç S, Yilmazoglu EG. Dry needling in lateral epicondylitis: a prospective controlled study. Int Orthop. 2017; 41(11):2321-2325

Liu QG, Liu L, Huang QM, Nguyen TT, Ma YT, Zhao JM. Decreased Spontaneous Electrical Activity and Acetylcholine at Myofascial Trigger Spots after Dry Needling Treatment: A Pilot Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017; 3938191

Espí-López GV, Serra-Añó P, Vicent-Ferrando J, Sánchez-Moreno-Giner M, Arias-Buría JL, Cleland J, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Effectiveness of Inclusion of Dry Needling in a Multimodal Therapy Program for Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017; 47(6):392-401

Salom-Moreno J, Jiménez-Gómez L, Gómez-Ahufinger V, Palacios-Ceña M, Arias-Buría JL, Koppenhaver SL, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Effects of Low-Load Exercise on Postneedling-Induced Pain After Dry Needling of Active Trigger Point in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome. PM R. 2017; 9(12):1208-1216

Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Mesa-Jiménez JA, Paredes-Mancilla JA, Koppenhaver SL, Fernández-Carnero S. Cadaveric and Ultrasonographic Validation of Needling Placement in the Cervical Multifidus Muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2017; 40(5):365-370

Brennan KL, Allen BC, Maldonado YM. Dry Needling Versus Cortisone Injection in the Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017; 47(4):232-239

Gattie E, Cleland JA, Snodgrass S. The Effectiveness of Trigger Point Dry Needling for Musculoskeletal Conditions by Physical Therapists: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017; 47(3):133-149

Arias-Buría JL, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña M, Koppenhaver SL, Salom-Moreno J. Exercises and Dry Needling for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial. J Pain. 2017; 18(1):11-18

Koppenhaver SL, Walker MJ, Rettig C, Davis J, Nelson C, Su J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Hebert JJ. The association between dry needling-induced twitch response and change in pain and muscle function in patients with low back pain: a quasi-experimental study. Physiotherapy. 2017; 103(2):131-137

Calvo-Lobo C, Pacheco-da-Costa S, Hita-Herranz E. Efficacy of Deep Dry Needling on Latent Myofascial Trigger Points in Older Adults With Nonspecific Shoulder Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Pilot Study. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2017; 40(2):63-73

Tsikopoulos K, Tsikopoulos I, Simeonidis E, Papathanasiou E, Haidich AB, Anastasopoulos N, Natsis K. The clinical impact of platelet-rich plasma on tendinopathy compared to placebo or dry needling injections: A meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2016 Jan; 17:87-94

Morihisa R, Eskew J, McNamara A, Young J. Dry Needling in Subjects with muscular Trigger Points in the lower quarter: A systematic Review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Feb; 11(1):1-14

Rodríguez-Mansilla J, González-Sánchez B, De Toro García Á, Valera-Donoso E, Garrido-Ardila EM, Jiménez-Palomares M, González López-Arza MV. Effectiveness of dry needling on reducing pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a Meta-analysis. J Tradit Chin Med. 2016 Feb; 36(1):1-13

Mendigutia-Gómez A, Martín-Hernández C, Salom-Moreno J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effect of Dry Needling on Spasticity, Shoulder Range of Motion, and Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Patients With Stroke: A Crossover Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Jun; 39(5):348-58

Wang G, Gao Q, Li J, Tian Y, Hou J. Impact of Needle Diameter on Long-Term Dry Needling Treatment of Chronic Lumbar Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jul; 95(7):483-94

Ortega-Cebrian S, Luchini N, Whiteley R. Dry needling: Effects on activation and passive mechanical properties of the quadriceps, pain and range during late stage rehabilitation of ACL reconstructed patients. Phys Ther Sport. 2016 Sep; 21:57-62

Dar G, Hicks GE. The immediate effect of dry needling on multifidus muscles' function in healthy individuals. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Apr 27; 29(2):273-278

Yeganeh Lari A, Okhovatian F, Naimi Ss, Baghban AA. The effect of the combination of dry needling and MET on latent trigger point upper trapezius in females. Man Ther. 2016 Feb; 21:204-9

Segura-Ortí E, Prades-Vergara S, Manzaneda-Piña L, Valero-Martínez R, Polo-Traverso JA. Trigger point dry needling versus strain-counterstrain technique for upper trapezius myofascial trigger points: a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2016 Jun; 34(3):171-7

Ozden AV, Alptekin HK, Esmaeilzadeh S, Cihan C, Aki S, Aksoy C, Oncu J. Evaluation of the Sympathetic Skin Response to the Dry Needling Treatment in Female Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patients. J Clin Med Res. 2016 Jul; 8(7):513-8

León-Hernández JV, Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Frutos LG, Alguacil-Diego IM, de la Llave-Rincón AI, Fernandez-Carnero J. Immediate and short-term effects of the combination of dry needling and percutaneous TENS on post-needling soreness in patients with chronic myofascial neck pain. Braz J Phys Ther. 2016 Jul 11; 20(5):422-431

Cerezo-Téllez E, Torres-Lacomba M, Fuentes-Gallardo I, Perez-Muñoz M, Mayoral-Del-Moral O, Lluch-Girbés E, Prieto-Valiente L, Falla D. Effectiveness of dry needling for chronic nonspecific neck pain: a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial. Pain. 2016 Sep; 157(9):1905-17

Aridici R, Yetisgin A, Boyaci A, Tutoglu A, Bozdogan E, Sen Dokumaci D, Kilicaslan N, Boyaci N. Comparison of the Efficacy of Dry Needling and High-Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound Therapy with Clinical Status and Sonoelastography in Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Oct; 95(10):e149-58

Cerezo-Téllez E, Lacomba MT, Fuentes-Gallardo I, Mayoral Del Moral O, Rodrigo-Medina B, Gutiérrez Ortega C. Dry needling of the trapezius muscle in office workers with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther. 2016 Sep; 24(4):223-32

Eftekharsadat B, Babaei-Ghazani A, Zeinolabedinzadeh V. Dry needling in patients with chronic heel pain due to plantar fasciitis: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016; 30:401

Koppenhaver S, Embry R, Ciccarello J, Waltrip J, Pike R, Walker M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Croy T, Flynn T. Effects of dry needling to the symptomatic versus control shoulder in patients with unilateral subacromial pain syndrome. Man Ther. 2016 Dec; 26:62-69

Martín-Pintado-Zugasti A, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, Fernandez-Carnero J. Postneedling soreness after deep dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle: Characteristics, sex differences and associated factors. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Apr 27; 29(2):301-308

Ziaeifar M, Arab AM, Nourbakhsh MR. Clinical Effectiveness of Dry Needling Immediately After Application on Myofascial Trigger Point in Upper Trapezius Muscle. J Chiropr Med. 2016 Dec; 15(4):252-258

Pavkovich R. The use of dry needling for a subject with chronic lateral hip and thigh pain: a case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Apr; 10(2):246-55

Pavkovich R. The use of dry needling for a subject with acute onset of neck pain: a case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Feb; 10(1):104-13

Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG, Ye G, Bo CZ, Chen MJ, Li P. Effectiveness of dry needling for myofascial trigger points associated with neck and shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 May; 96(5):944-55

Pecos-Martín D, Montañez-Aguilera FJ, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Urraca-Gesto A, Gómez-Conesa A, Romero-Franco N, Plaza-Manzano G. Effectiveness of dry needling on the lower trapezius in patients with mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 May; 96(5):775-81

Sergienko S, Kalichman L. Myofascial origin of shoulder pain: a literature review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Jan; 19(1):91-101

Gerber LH, Shah J, Rosenberger W, Armstrong K, Turo D, Otto P, Heimur J, Thaker N, Sikdar S. Dry Needling Alters Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Reduces Pain in Subjects With Chronic Myofascial Pain. PM R. 2015 Jul; 7(7):711-8

Mesa-Jiménez JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez J, de-la-Hoz-Aizpurua JL, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Cadaveric validation of dry needle placement in the lateral pterygoid muscle. Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015 Feb; 38(2):145-50

Sterling M, Vicenzino B, Souvlis T, Connelly LB. Dry-needling and exercise for chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2015 Apr; 156(4):635-43

Koppenhaver SL, Walker MJ, Su J, McGowen JM, Umlauf L, Harris KD, Ross MD. Changes in lumbar multifidus muscle function and nociceptive sensitivity in low back pain patient responders versus non-responders after dry needling treatment. Man Ther. 2015 Dec; 20(6):769-76

Salom-Moreno J, Ayuso-Casado B, Tamaral-Costa B, Sánchez-Milá Z, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Alburquerque-Sendín F. Trigger Point Dry Needling and Proprioceptive Exercises for the Management of Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 790209

Unverzagt C, Berglund K, Thomas JJ. Dry Needling for Myofascial Trigger Point Pain: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Jun; 10(3):402-18

Koppenhaver SL, Walker MJ, Smith RW, Booker JM, Walkup ID, Su J, Hebert JJ, Flynn T. Baseline Examination Factors Associated With Clinical Improvement After Dry Needling in Individuals With Low Back Pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Aug; 45(8):604-12

Téllez-García M, de-la-Llave-Rincón AI, Salom-Moreno J, Palacios-Ceña M, Ortega-Santiago R, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Neuroscience education in addition to trigger point dry needling for the management of patients with mechanical chronic low back pain: A preliminary clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Jul; 19(3):464-72

Bond BM, Kinslow C. Improvement in clinical outcomes after dry needling in a patient with occipital neuralgia. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2015 Jun; 59(2):101-10

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Layton M, Dommerholt J. Dry needling for the management of thoracic spine pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2015 Jul; 23(3):147-53

Turo D, Otto P, Hossain M, Gebreab T, Armstrong K, Rosenberger WF, Shao H, Shah JP, Gerber LH, Sikdar S. Novel Use of Ultrasound Elastography to Quantify Muscle Tissue Changes After Dry Needling of Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Chronic Myofascial Pain. J Ultrasound Med. 2015 Dec; 34(12):2149-61

Zhou K, Ma Y, Brogan MS. Dry needling versus acupuncture: the ongoing debate. Acupunct Med. 2015 Dec; 33(6):485-90

Campa-Moran I, Rey-Gudin E, Fernández-Carnero J, Paris-Alemany A, Gil-Martinez A, Lerma Lara S, Prieto-Baquero A, Alonso-Perez JL, La Touche R. Comparison of Dry Needling versus Orthopedic Manual Therapy in Patients with Myofascial Chronic Neck Pain: A Single-Blind, Randomized Pilot Study. Pain Res Treat. 2015; 327307

Xie YM, Xu S, Zhang CS, Xue CC. Examination of surface conditions and other physical properties of commonly used stainless steel acupuncture needles. Acupunct Med. 2014 Apr; 32(2):146-54

Llamas-Ramos R, Pecos-Martín D, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Llamas-Ramos I, Plaza-Manzano G, Ortega-Santiago R, Cleland J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Comparison of the short-term outcomes between trigger point dry needling and trigger point manual therapy for the management of chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Nov; 44(11):852-61

Ziaeifar M, Arab AM, Karimi N, Nourbakhsh MR. The effect of dry needling on pain, pressure pain threshold and disability in patients with a myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014 Apr; 18(2):298-305

Couto C, de Souza IC, Torres IL, Fregni F, Caumo W. Paraspinal stimulation combined with trigger point needling and needle rotation for the treatment of myofascial pain: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. Clin J Pain. 2014; 30(3):214-23

Clewley D, Flynn TW, Koppenhaver S. Trigger point dry needling as an adjunct treatment for a patient with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014; 44(2):92-101

Rayegani SM, Bayat M, Bahrami MH, Raeissadat SA, Kargozar E. Comparison of dry needling and physiotherapy in treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 33(6):859-64

France S, Bown J, Nowosilskyj M, Mott M, Rand S, Walters J. Evidence for the use of dry needling and physiotherapy in the management of cervicogenic or tension-type headache: a systematic review. Cephalalgia. 2014; 34(12):994-1003

Cotchett MP, Munteanu SE, Landorf KB. Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2014; 94(8):1083-94

Martín-Pintado Zugasti A, Rodríguez-Fernández ÁL, García-Muro F, López-López A, Mayoral O, Mesa-Jiménez J, Fernández-Carnero J. Effects of spray and stretch on postneedling soreness and sensitivity after dry needling of a latent myofascial trigger point. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014; 95(10):1925-193

Kietrys DM, Palombaro KM, Mannheimer JS. Dry needling for management of pain in the upper quarter and craniofacial region. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014; 18(8):437

Ong J, Claydon LS. The effect of dry needling for myofascial trigger points in the neck and shoulders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014; 18(3):390-8

Brady S, McEvoy J, Dommerholt J, Doody C. Adverse events following trigger point dry needling: a prospective survey of chartered physiotherapists. J Man Manip Ther. 2014; 22(3):134-40

Llamas-Ramos R, Pecos-Martín D, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Llamas-Ramos I, Plaza-Manzano G, Ortega-Santiago R, Cleland J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Comparison of the short-term outcomes between trigger point dry needling and trigger point manual therapy for the management of chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014; 44(11):852-61

Wang G, Gao Q, Hou J, Li J. Effects of Temperature on Chronic Trapezius Myofascial Pain Syndrome during Dry Needling Therapy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014; 638268

Settergren R. Treatment of supraspinatus tendinopathy with ultrasound guided dry needling. J Chiropr Med. 2013; 12:26-9

Tekin L, Akarsu S, Durmuş O, Cakar E, Dinçer U, Kıralp MZ. The effect of dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2013; 32:309-15

Mayoral O, Salvat I, Martín MT, Martín S, Santiago J, Cotarelo J, Rodríguez C. Efficacy of myofascial trigger point dry needling in the prevention of pain after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 694941

Kietrys DM, Palombaro KM, Azzaretto E, Hubler R, Schaller B, Schlussel JM, Tucker M. Effectiveness of dry needling for upper quarter myofascial pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013; 43:620-634

Domingo A, Mayoral O, Monterde S, Santafé MM. Neuromuscular damage and repair after dry needling in mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 260806

Cagnie B, Dewitte V, Barbe T, Timmermans F, Delrue N, Meeus M. Physiologic effects of dry needling. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013; 17:348

Maher RM, Hayes DM, Shinohara M. Quantification of dry needling and posture effects on myofascial trigger points using ultrasound shear-wave elastography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:2146-50

Vulfsons S, Ratmansky M, Kalichman L. Trigger point needling: techniques and outcome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012; 16(5):407-12

Dıraçoğlu D, Vural M, Karan A, Aksoy C. Effectiveness of dry needling for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2012; 25(4):285-90

Dommerholt J. Dry needling - peripheral and central considerations. J Man Manip Ther. 2011; 19(4):223-7

Huang YT, Lin SY, Neoh CA, Wang KY, Jean YH, Shi HY. Dry needling for myofascial pain: prognostic factors. J Altern Complement Med. 2011; 17:755-62

Niraj G, Collett BJ, Bone M. Ultrasound-guided trigger point injection: first description of changes visible on ultrasound scanning in the muscle containing the trigger point. Br J Anaesth. 2011; 107:474-5

Ay S, Evcik D, Tur BS. Comparison of injection methods in myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Jan; 29(1):19-23

Fernández-Carnero J, La Touche R, Ortega-Santiago R, Galan-del-Rio F, Pesquera J, Ge HY, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Short-term effects of dry needling of active myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2010; 24(1):106-12

Srbely JZ, Dickey JP, Lee D, Lowerison M. Dry needle stimulation of myofascial trigger points evokes segmental anti-nociceptive effects. J Rehabil Med. 2010 May; 42(5):463-8

Tsai CT, Hsieh LF, Kuan TS, Kao MJ, Chou LW, Hong CZ. Remote effects of dry needling on the irritability of the myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Feb; 89(2):133-40

Tough EA, White AR, Cummings TM et al. Acupuncture and dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. European Journal of Pain. 2009; 13:3-10

Hsieh YL, Kao MJ, Kuan TS et al. Dry needling to a key myofascial trigger point may reduce the irritability of satellite MTrPs. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2007; 86(5):397-403

Itoh K, Katsumi Y, Hirota S, Kitakoji H. Randomised trial of trigger point acupuncture compared with other acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. Complement Ther Med. 2007 Sep; 15(3):172-9

Furlan AD, van Tulder M, Cherkin D, Tsukayama H, Lao L, Koes B, Berman B. Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain: an updated systematic review within the framework of the cochrane collaboration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Apr 15; 30(8):944-63

Huguenin L, Brukner PD, McCrory P, Smith P, Wajswelner H, Bennell K. Effect of dry needling of gluteal muscles on straight leg raise: a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial. Br J Sports Med. 2005 Feb; 39(2):84-90

Edwards J, Knowles N. Superficial dry needling and active stretching in the treatment of myofascial pain--a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2003 Sep; 21(3):80-6

Cummings TM, White AR. Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jul;82(7):986-92. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2001.24023. PMID: 11441390.

Other Therapy Modalities

Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Torres-Costoso AI, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Álvarez-Bueno C. Effect of Manual Therapy Interventions on Range of Motion Among Individuals with Myofascial Trigger Points: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med. 2022 Jan 3;23(1):137-143. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab224. PMID: 34289061.

Chang WH, Tu LW, Pei YC, Chen CK, Wang SH, Wong AM. Comparison of the effects between lasers applied to myofascial trigger points and to classical acupoints for patients with cervical myofascial pain syndrome. Biomed J. 2021 Dec;44(6):739-747. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.020. Epub 2020 Jun 13. PMID: 35166212; PMCID: PMC8847842.

Mohamed DA, Kamal RM, Gaber MM, Aneis YM. Combined Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition on Myofascial Trigger Points of Upper Trapezius: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Rehabil Med. 2021 Aug;45(4):284-293. doi: 10.5535/arm.21018. Epub 2021 Aug 30. PMID: 34496471; PMCID: PMC8435468.

Haleema B, Riaz H. Effects of thoracic spine manipulation on pressure pain sensitivity of rhomboid muscle active trigger points: A randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Jul;71(7):1720-1724. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.02-256. PMID: 34410234.

Yilmaz O, Sivrikaya EC, Taskesen F, Pirpir C, Ciftci S. Comparison of the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin, Local Anesthesia, and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in Patients With Myofascial Trigger Points in the Masseter Muscle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Jan;79(1):88.e1-88.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.09.013. Epub 2020 Sep 14. PMID: 33045182.

Mansoori SS, Moustafa IM, Ahbouch A, Harrison DE. Optimal duration of stretching exercise in patients with chronic myofascial pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2021 Jan 11;53(1):jrm00142. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2781. PMID: 33367925.

Rhim HC, Cha JH, Cha J, Kim DH. Sonography-guided trigger point injections in abdominal myofascial pain syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 4;99(49):e23408. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023408. PMID: 33285730; PMCID: PMC7717795.

Eftekharsadat B, Fasaie N, Golalizadeh D, Babaei-Ghazani A, Jahanjou F, Eslampoor Y, Dolatkhah N. Comparison of efficacy of corticosteroid injection versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy on inferior trigger points in the quadratus lumborum muscle: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Oct 19;21(1):695. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03714-3. PMID: 33076888; PMCID: PMC7574569.

Dueñas L, Zamora T, Lluch E, Artacho-Ramírez MA, Mayoral O, Balasch S, Balasch-Bernat M. The effect of vibration therapy on neck myofascial trigger points: A randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2020 Aug;78:105071. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105071. Epub 2020 Jun 3. PMID: 32521284.

Li L, Huang F, Huang Q, Liu L, Opoku Antwi E, Nguyen T. Compression of Myofascial Trigger Points With a Foam Roller or Ball for Exercise-induced Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2020 May;26(3):16-23. PMID: 32445557.

Renner T, Sollmann N, Heinen F, Albers L, Trepte-Freisleder F, Klose B, König H, Krieg SM, Bonfert MV, Landgraf MN. Alleviation of migraine symptoms by application of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation to myofascial trigger points of neck and shoulder muscles - A randomized trial. Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 6;10(1):5954. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62701-9. PMID: 32249788; PMCID: PMC7136237.

Petrofsky J, Laymon M, Lee H. Local heating of trigger points reduces neck and plantar fascia pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(1):21-28. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181222. PMID: 31594202.

Arias-Buría JL, Franco-Hidalgo-Chacón MM, Cleland JA, Palacios-Ceña M, Fuensalida-Novo S, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effects of Kinesio Taping on Post-Needling Induced Pain After Dry Needling of Active Trigger Point in Individuals With Mechanical Neck Pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2020 Jan;43(1):32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.02.011. Epub 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32061417.

Kashyap R, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Controlled intervention to compare the efficacies of manual pressure release and the muscle energy technique for treating mechanical neck pain due to upper trapezius trigger points. J Pain Res. 2018; 11:3151-3160

Kisilewicz A, Janusiak M, Szafraniec R, Smoter M, Ciszek B, Madeleine P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Kawczyński A. Changes in Muscle Stiffness of the Trapezius Muscle After Application of Ischemic Compression into Myofascial Trigger Points in Professional Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet. 2018; 64:35-45

Gomes CAFP, Dibai-Filho AV, Politti F, Gonzalez TO, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA. Combined Use of Diadynamic Currents and Manual Therapy on Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2018; 41(6):475-482

Falsiroli Maistrello L, Geri T, Gianola S, Zaninetti M, Testa M. Effectiveness of Trigger Point Manual Treatment on the Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of Attacks in Primary Headaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Neurol. 2018; 9:254

Mata Diz JB, de Souza JR, Leopoldino AA, Oliveira VC. Exercise, especially combined stretching and strengthening exercise, reduces myofascial pain: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2017; 63(1):17-22

Dibai-Filho AV, de Oliveira AK, Girasol CE, Dias FR, Guirro RR. Additional Effect of Static Ultrasound and Diadynamic Currents on Myofascial Trigger Points in a Manual Therapy Program for Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017; 96(4):243-252

Öztürk G, Külcü DG, Mesci N, Şilte AD, Aydog E. Efficacy of kinesio tape application on pain and muscle strength in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28(4):1074-9

Hashemirad F, Karimi N, Keshavarz R. The effect of Kinesio taping technique on trigger points of the piriformis muscle. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Oct; 20(4):807-814

Abu Taleb W, Rehan Youssef A, Saleh A. The effectiveness of manual versus algometer pressure release techniques for treating active myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Oct; 20(4):863-869

Bobos P, Billis E, Papanikolaou DT, Koutsojannis C, MacDermid JC. Does Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Affect Pain Pressure Thresholds of Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Rehabil Res Pract. 2016; 2016: 6480826

Ghanbari A, Askarzadeh S, Petramfar P, Mohamadi M. Migraine responds better to a combination of medical therapy and trigger point management than routine medical therapy alone. NeuroRehabilitation. 2015; 37(1):157-63

Halski T, Ptaszkowski K, Słupska L, Paprocka-Borowicz M, Dymarek R, Taradaj J, Bidzińska G, Marczyński D, Cynarska A, Rosińczuk J. Short-Term Effects of Kinesio Taping and Cross Taping Application in the Treatment of Latent Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A Prospective, Single-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015:191-925

Bae Y. Change the myofascial pain and range of motion of the temporomandibular joint following kinesio taping of latent myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014; 26(9):1321-4

Sharan D, Manjula M, Urmi D, Ajeesh P. Effect of yoga on the Myofascial Pain Syndrome of neck. Int J Yoga. 2014; 7(1):54-9

Borg-Stein J, Iaccarino MA. Myofascial pain syndrome treatments. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014; 25(2):357-74

Wilke J, Vogt L, Niederer D, Hübscher M, Rothmayr J, Ivkovic D, Rickert M, Banzer W. Short-term effects of acupuncture and stretching on myofascial trigger point pain of the neck: A blinded, placebo-controlled RCT. Complement Ther Med. 2014; 22(5):835-41

Lluch E, Arguisuelas MD, Coloma PS, Palma F, Rey A, Falla D. Effects of deep cervical flexor training on pressure pain thresholds over myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013; 36:604-11

Rodríguez-Fernández A, Garrido-Santofimia V, Güeita-Rodríguez J, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Effects of burst-type transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cervical range of motion and latent myofascial trigger point pain sensitivity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011; 92:1353-8

FitzGerald MP et al. Randomized multicenter feasibility trial of myofascial physical therapy for the treatment of urological chronic pelvic pain syndromes. J Urol. 2009 Aug; 182(2):570-80

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Clinical Research

Cygańska AK, Tomaszewski P, Cabak A. Pain threshold in selected trigger points of superficial muscles of the back in young adults. PeerJ. 2022 Feb 1;10:e12780. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12780. PMID: 35178293; PMCID: PMC8815375.

Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Ortega-Santiago R, Bonilla-Barba L, Falla D, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Florencio LL. Immediate Effects of Dry Needing or Manual Pressure Release of Upper Trapezius Trigger Points on Muscle Activity during the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Test in People with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Med. 2022 Feb 18:pnac034. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac034. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35179608.

Güngör E, Karakuzu Güngör Z. Comparison of the efficacy of corticosteroid, dry needling, and PRP application in lateral epicondylitis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021 Oct 6. doi: 10.1007/s00590-021-03138-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34613469.

Kashif M, Tahir S, Ashfaq F, Farooq S, Saeed W. Association of myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder region with depression, anxiety and stress among university students. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Sep;71(9):2139-2142. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.375. PMID: 34580502.

Campos López A, De-Miguel EE, Malo-Urriés M, Acedo TC. Mouth opening, jaw disability, neck disability, pressure pain thresholds, and myofascial trigger points in patients with disc displacement with reduction: A descriptive and comparative study. Cranio. 2021 Aug 12:1-7. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1956214. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34382921.

Kordi Yoosefinejad A, Samani M, Jabarifard F, Setooni M, Mirsalari R, Kaviani F, Jazayeri Shooshtari SM. Comparison of the prevalence of myofascial trigger points of muscles acting on knee between patients with moderate degree of knee osteoarthritis and healthy matched people. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jan;25:113-118. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.012. Epub 2020 Oct 26. PMID: 33714481.

Diep D, Chen KJQ, Kumbhare D. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for myofascial trigger points: a systematic review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Jan;46(1):73-80. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101898. Epub 2020 Nov 6. PMID: 33159004.

Sabeh AM, Bedaiwi SA, Felemban OM, Mawardi HH. Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Its Relation to Trigger Points, Facial Form, Muscular Hypertrophy, Deflection, Joint Loading, Body Mass Index, Age and Educational Status. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020 Nov 24;10(6):786-793. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_328_20. PMID: 33437714; PMCID: PMC7791579.

Sánchez Romero EA, Fernández Carnero J, Villafañe JH, Calvo-Lobo C, Ochoa Sáez V, Burgos Caballero V, Laguarta Val S, Pedersini P, Pecos Martín D. Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients with Mild to Moderate Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Secondary Analysis. J Clin Med. 2020 Aug 7;9(8):2561. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082561. PMID: 32784592; PMCID: PMC7464556.

Rozenfeld E, Finestone AS, Moran U, Damri E, Kalichman L. The prevalence of myofascial trigger points in hip and thigh areas in anterior knee pain patients. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Jan;24(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 14. PMID: 31987560.

Samani M, Ghaffarinejad F, Abolahrari-Shirazi S, Khodadadi T, Roshan F. Prevalence and sensitivity of trigger points in lumbo-pelvic-hip muscles in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Jan;24(1):126-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.012. Epub 2019 Oct 15. PMID: 31987531.

Ortega-Santiago R, Ríos-León M, Martín-Casas P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Plaza-Manzano AG. Active Muscle Trigger Points Are Associated with Pain and Related Disability in Patients with Plantar Heel Pain: A Case-Control Study. Pain Med. 2020 May 1;21(5):1032-1038. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz086. PMID: 30986304.

Moriwaki K, Shiroyama K, Yasuda M, Uesugi F. Reversible tactile hypoesthesia associated with myofascial trigger points: a pilot study on prevalence and clinical implications. Pain Rep. 2019 Jul 15;4(4):e772. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000772. PMID: 31579863; PMCID: PMC6727998.

Barbero M, Schneebeli A, Koetsier E, Maino P. Myofascial pain syndrome and trigger points: evaluation and treatment in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2019 Sep;13(3):270-276. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000445. PMID: 31313700.

Chatchawan U, Thongbuang S, Yamauchi J. Characteristics and distributions of myofascial trigger points in individuals with chronic tension-type headaches. J Phys Ther Sci. 2019 Apr;31(4):306-309. doi: 10.1589/jpts.31.306. Epub 2019 Apr 1. PMID: 31037000; PMCID: PMC6451952.

Castaldo M, Catena A, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Arendt-Nielsen L. Widespread Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity, Health History, and Trigger Points in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Preliminary Study. Pain Med. 2019 Dec 1;20(12):2516-2527. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz035. PMID: 30921463.

Ortega-Santiago R, Maestre-Lerga M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Cleland JA, Plaza-Manzano G. Widespread Pressure Pain Sensitivity and Referred Pain from Trigger Points in Patients with Upper Thoracic Spine Pain. Pain Med. 2019 Jul 1;20(7):1379-1386. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz020. PMID: 30821833.

Cigarán-Méndez M, Jiménez-Antona C, Parás-Bravo P, Fuensalida-Novo S, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Active Trigger Points Are Associated With Anxiety and Widespread Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Women, but not Men, With Tension Type Headache. Pain Pract. 2019 Jun;19(5):522-529. doi: 10.1111/papr.12775. Epub 2019 Mar 12. PMID: 30756467.

Villafañe JH, Lopez-Royo MP, Herrero P, Valdes K, Cantero-Téllez R, Pedersini P, Negrini S. Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Poststroke Patients With Painful Shoulders: A Cross-Sectional Study. PM R. 2019 Oct;11(10):1077-1082. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12123. Epub 2019 Apr 16. PMID: 30734521.

Sollmann N, Mathonia N, Weidlich D, Bonfert M, Schroeder SA, Badura KA, Renner T, Trepte-Freisleder F, Ganter C, Krieg SM, Zimmer C, Rummeny EJ, Karampinos DC, Baum T, Landgraf MN, Heinen F. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the upper trapezius muscles - assessment of myofascial trigger points in patients with migraine. J Headache Pain. 2019 Jan 18;20(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s10194-019-0960-9. PMID: 30658563; PMCID: PMC6734472.

Weller JL, Comeau D, Otis JAD. Myofascial Pain. Semin Neurol. 2018; 38(6):640-643

Bourgaize S, Newton G, Kumbhare D, Srbely J. A comparison of the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia: implications for differential diagnosis and management. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018; 62(1):26-41

Do TP, Heldarskard GF, Kolding LT, Hvedstrup J, Schytz HW. Myofascial trigger points in migraine and tension-type headache. J Headache Pain. 2018; 19(1):84

Ribeiro DC, Belgrave A, Naden A, Fang H, Matthews P, Parshottam S. The prevalence of myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder-related disorders: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018; 19(1):252

Poluha RL, Grossmann E, Iwaki LCV, Uchimura TT, Santana RG, Iwaki Filho L. Myofascial trigger points in patients with temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018; 26:e20170578

Dibai-Filho AV, de Jesus Guirro RR, Koga Ferreira VT, Kelly de Oliveira A, Maria de Almeida A, de Oliveira Guirro EC. Analysis of chronic myofascial pain in the upper trapezius muscle of breast cancer survivors and women with neck pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018; 22(2):237-241

Kim HA, Hwang UJ, Jung SH, Ahn SH, Kim JH, Kwon OY. Comparison of shoulder strength in males with and without myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius. Clin Biomech. 2017; 49:134-138

Kwon J, Kim HS, Chang WH, Park C, Lee SC. Characteristics of Myofascial Pain Syndrome of the Infraspinatus Muscle. Ann Rehabil Med. 2017; 41(4):573-581

Stoop R, Clijsen R, Leoni D, Soldini E, Castellini G, Redaelli V, Barbero M. Evolution of the methodological quality of controlled clinical trials for myofascial trigger point treatments for the period 1978-2015: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017; 30:1-9

Cerezo-Téllez E, Torres-Lacomba M, Mayoral-Del Moral O, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Dommerholt J, Gutiérrez-Ortega C. Prevalence of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Pain Med. 2016 Dec; 17(12):2369-2377

Chiarotto A, Clijsen R, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Barbero M. Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in Spinal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Feb; 97(2):316-37

Wilke J, Niederer D, Fleckenstein J, Vogt L, Banzer W. Range of motion and cervical myofascial pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jan; 20(1):52-5

Hasuo H, Ishihara T, Kanbara K, Fukunaga M. Myofacial Trigger Points in Advanced Cancer Patients. Indian J Palliat Care. 2016 Jan-Mar; 22(1):80-4

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Arendt-Nielsen L. Myofascial pain and fibromyalgia: two different but overlapping disorders. Pain Manag. 2016 May; 6(4):401-8

Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, Aredo JV, Sikdar S, Gerber L. Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective. PM R. 2015 Jul; 7(7):746-61

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Myofascial Head Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015 Jul; 19(7):28

Roldan CJ, Hu N. Myofascial Pain Syndromes in the Emergency Department: What Are We Missing? J Emerg Med. 2015 Dec; 49(6):1004-10

Lluch E, Nijs J, De Kooning M, Van Dyck D, Vanderstraeten R, Struyf F, Roussel
NA. Prevalence, Incidence, Localization, and Pathophysiology of Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Spinal Pain: A Systematic Literature Review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2015 Oct; 38(8):587-600

Ohmori A, Iranami H, Fujii K, Yamazaki A, Doko Y. Myofascial involvement of supra- and infraspinatus muscles contributes to ipsilateral shoulder pain after muscle-sparing thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013; 27(6):1310-4

Shmushkevich Y, Kalichman L. Myofascial pain in lateral epicondylalgia: a review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013; 17(4):434-9

Castaldo M, Ge HY, Chiarotto A, Villafane JH, Arendt-Nielsen L. Myofascial trigger points in patients with whiplash-associated disorders and mechanical neck pain. Pain Med. 2014; 15(5):842-9

Alburquerque-Sendín F, Camargo PR, Vieira A, Salvini TF. Bilateral myofascial trigger points and pressure pain thresholds in the shoulder muscles in patients with unilateral shoulder impingement syndrome: a blinded, controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2013; 29:478-86

Gerber LH, Sikdar S, Armstrong K, Diao G, Heimur J, Kopecky J, Turo D, Otto P, Gebreab T, Shah J. A systematic comparison between subjects with no pain and pain associated with active myofascial trigger points. PM R. 2013; 5:931-8

Shmushkevich Y, Kalichman L. Myofascial pain in lateral epicondylalgia: a review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013; 17:434-9

Roach S, Sorenson E, Headley B, San Juan JG. Prevalence of myofascial trigger points in the hip in patellofemoral pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:522-6

Ohmori A, Iranami H, Fujii K, Yamazaki A, Doko Y. Myofascial involvement of supra- and infraspinatus muscles contributes to ipsilateral shoulder pain after muscle-sparing thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2013; 27:1310-4.

Iglesias-González JJ, Muñoz-García MT, Rodrigues-de-Souza DP, Alburquerque-Sendín F, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Myofascial trigger points, pain, disability, and sleep quality in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Pain Med. 2013; 14:1964-70

Hidalgo-Lozano A, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Calderón-Soto C, Domingo-Camara A, Madeleine P, Arroyo-Morales M. Elite swimmers with and without unilateral shoulder pain: mechanical hyperalgesia and active/latent muscle trigger points in neck-shoulder muscles. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013; 23:66-73

Celik D, Mutlu EK. Clinical implication of latent myofascial trigger point. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013; 17:353

Reiestad F, Kulkarni J. Role of myofascial trigger points in post-amputation pain: causation and management. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2013; 37:120-3

Sari H, Akarirmak U, Uludag M. Active myofascial trigger points might be more frequent in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2012; 48(2):237-44

Fernández-Pérez AM, Villaverde-Gutiérrez C, Mora-Sánchez A, Alonso-Blanco C, Sterling M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Muscle trigger points, pressure pain threshold, and cervical range of motion in patients with high level of disability related to acute whiplash injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012; 42(7):634-41

Alonso-Blanco C, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, de-la-Llave-Rincón AI, Zarco-Moreno P, Galán-Del-Río F, Svensson P. Characteristics of referred muscle pain to the head from active trigger points in women with myofascial temporomandibular pain and fibromyalgia syndrome. J Headache Pain. 2012; 13(8):625-37

Henry R, Cahill CM, Wood G, Hroch J, Wilson R, Cupido T, Vandenkerkhof E. Myofascial pain in patients waitlisted for total knee arthroplasty. Pain Res Manag. 2012; 17(5):321-7

Muñoz-Muñoz S, Muñoz-García MT, Alburquerque-Sendín F, Arroyo-Morales M, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Myofascial trigger points, pain, disability, and sleep quality in individuals with mechanical neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012; 35(8):608-13

De-la-Llave-Rincon AI, Alonso-Blanco C, Gil-Crujera A, Ambite-Quesada S, Svensson P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C.Myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles in patients with and without chronic mechanical neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012; 35(9):678-84

Chen CK, Nizar AJ. Myofascial pain syndrome in chronic back pain patients. Korean J Pain. 2011; 24:100-4

Bendtsen L, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. The role of muscles in tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011; 15:451-8

Gemmell H, Hilland A. Immediate effect of electric point stimulation (TENS) in treating latent upper trapezius trigger points: a double blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011; 15:348-54

Bron C, de Gast A, Dommerholt J, Stegenga B, Wensing M, Oostendorp RA. Treatment of myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic shoulder pain: a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Med. 2011 Jan 24; 9(1):8

Hidalgo-Lozano A, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Ge H-Y, Arendt-Nielsen L, Arroyo-Morales M. Muscle trigger points and pressure pain hyperalgesia in the shoulder muscles in patients with unilateral shoulder impingement: a blinded, controlled study. Exp Brain Res. 2010; 202:915-925

Azadeh H, Dehghani M, Zarezadeh A. Incidence of trapezius myofascial trigger points in patients with the possible carpal tunnel syndrome. J Res Med Sci. 2010; 15:250-5

Srbely JZ. New trends in the treatment and management of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010 Oct; 14(5):346-52

Freeman MD, Nystrom A, Centeno C. Chronic whiplash and central sensitization; an evaluation of the role of a myofascial trigger points in pain modulation. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2009; 4:2

Qerama E, Kasch H, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A. Occurrence of myofascial pain in patients with possible carpal tunnel syndrome: A single-blinded study. European Journal of Pain. 2009; 13(6):588-91

Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Caminero AB, Madeleine P, Guillem-Mesado A, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Pareja JA. Multiple active myofascial trigger points and pressure pain sensitivity maps in the temporalis muscle are related in chronic tension type headache. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2009 ; 25(6):506-512

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Referred pain elicited by manual exploration of the lateral rectus muscle in chronic tension type headache. Pain Medicine. 2009; 10(1):43-48

Ge HY, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Madeleine P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Topographical mapping and mechanical pain sensitivity of myofascial trigger points in the infraspinatus muscle. European Journal of Pain. 2008; 12(7):859-865

Fernández Carnero J, Fernández de las Peñas C, De La Llave Rincón AI, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Bilateral myofascial trigger points in the forearm muscles in chronic unilateral lateral epicondylalgia; A blinded controlled study. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2008; 24(9):802-807

Kao MJ, Han TI, Kuan TS et al. Myofascial trigger points in early life. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2007; 88(2):251-4

Fernández de las Peñas C, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Referred pain from trapezius muscle trigger point shares similar characteristics with chronic tension type headache. European Journal of Pain. 2007; 11(4):475-482

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Arendt-Nielsen L, Simons DG, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points and sensitisation: an updated pain model for tension type headache. Cephalalgia. 2007; 27(5):383-393

Fernández de las Peñas C, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. The local and referred pain from myofascial trigger points in the temporalis muscle contributes to pain profile in chronic tension type headache. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2007; 23(9):786-792

Fernández Carnero J, Fernández de las Peñas C, De La Llave Rincón AI, Ge HY, Arendt-Nielsen L. Prevalence of and referred pain from myofascial trigger points in the forearm muscles in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2007; 23(4):353-360

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Myofascial disorders in the trochlear region in unilateral migraine: a possible initiating or perpetuating factor. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2006; 22(6):548-553

Fernández de las Peñas C, Alonso Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Trigger points in the suboccipital muscles and forward head posture in tension type headache. Headache. 2006; 46(3):454-460

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility and forward head posture in unilateral migraine. Cephalalgia. 2006; 26(9):1061-1070

Fernández de las Peñas C, Alonso Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points and their relationship to headache clinical parameters in chronic tension type headache. Headache. 2006; 46(8):1264-1272

Fernández de las Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Referred pain from the trochlear region in tension-type headache: a Myofascial trigger point from the superior oblique muscle. Headache. 2005; 45(6):731-737